𝔽𝕣𝕚𝕘𝕚𝕕, deadly killer or life-giver?

In previous publications, we have addressed the history of events, arguing that these events are not linear, but nest in numerous events in different parts of the planet forming an interconnection, a large network. We had already discussed the influence of “The Gold; a sparkly glow that we all love.”, “𝕋𝕙𝕖 𝕊𝕒𝕝𝕥, beyond our meals.” y “𝕋𝕙𝕖 𝕊𝕦𝕟 𝔾𝕠𝕕; and his strange relationship with our biological and cellular clock” in the history of our universe, material that I invite you to read so that in the context you have a general idea of what we are talking about. Now, we will concentrate on the cold and its influence on the history and evolution of man.

he invasion of Russia by the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte has ended in disaster. There were 600,000 French soldiers and six months later, more than 60% are dead, but the killer is not the Russian army, it's freezing temperatures. It has always been said that Napoleon's defeat was due to the Russian cold, but what is the truth? is it that the key to his fall lies within the human being himself?

umans have fought the cold since the beginning of our history. The cold has affected us simply because we have had to adapt to it; it is to adapt or die. Humans aren't made for extreme conditions. As our temperature drops, organs such as the liver stop working to keep heat for the brain. If our temperature drops below 30 degrees for more than a few minutes, we die. To understand why our bodies stop working because of the cold, we must go back to a time before humans.

50 million years ago, all the animals on earth were cold-blooded. They are inactive and helpless until sunlight warms them up and accelerates their metabolism, but then, a tiny mammal species evolve with the ability to generate heat inside itself, no longer dependent on the sun to warm itself, this creature can be active at any time of day or night. It is a survival advantage that happens to all descendants of warm blood, to be active at any time, the same happens to him and even to men, but also this advantage, can be a limitation.....

n nature, heat moves from hot to cold, so body heat is always escaping us, filtering through our breathing and skin. When humans have scattered across the planet too cold climates, they need to find out how to keep warm.

umans who left tropical Africa, where they evolved, headed north, the Mediterranean, but it was as icy as the Arctic Circle. To survive the cold, these humans invented one of the most important tools in history, the needle.

umans in the frigid areas learned to sew their own clothes. It is impossible for them to survive the Europe of the ice age without these tools. Clothing gives us humans thicker skin that isolates us from the cold. But, clothes also change who we are because the thicker our skin is, the more we block the sunlight, which is indispensable for human beings in the self-production of vitamin D. Our body produces vitamin D when exposed to ultraviolet radiation.

n Africa, our brown skin blocked most of the sun, letting only enough in to produce the necessary vitamin D; but in the cold north, the combination of dark skin and clothing from head to toe blocks the sun too much. One evolution was to evolve to a lighter skin that did not block the sun's rays, the consequence of which has led to a division that we now call the race.

ust as the cold changes people, it also has power over the elements. Let us return to Napoleon's battlefield, where his soldiers are defeated by the chemistry of the cold. Some French soldiers have coats with tin buttons, but tin has a fatal effect at low temperatures, it crumbles.

he cold divided the people into opposing tribes and is the secret force behind the longest battle in history. A war of five thousand years. On our planet, warm climates produce agriculture, cities, civilization..... But further north, in places like the icy steppes of Asia, it's too cold for anything to grow, except an endless war.

razing animals such as cows and horses proliferate here, the people adapt, become shepherds and the first riders in the world, experts in looting and pillaging. The warrior cultures based on the horse were an optimal way of survival. Created by the cold, these warriors of the frozen north, where resources are scarce, began a war against their rich southern neighbors. It is a pattern that is repeated all over the world. Where it is cold, the fierce nomadic warriors' swirl; where it is hot, enough civilizations are built.

he cold warriors, they gallop in to take what they can get. From the tribes that invaded the Great Wall of China , through the Goths and vandals who destroyed the Roman Empire., to the Mongols, who conquer almost the known world. An epic plunder by people of the cold that lasts five thousand years..... The cold has so much power over us because humans are not designed for extremes; it's adaptation or death. But what would happen if man learned to control the cold...?

he vision of an American businessman, Frederic Tudor, is one of the first to try to control the cold. Many considered that he had an enterprising idea a little crazy. Sell large ice cubes to cities in the tropics. Tudor, try to solve an old problem. The atmosphere is rich in oxygen, so it's easy to create fire. Our ancestors learned to transport heat millions of years ago. But, it's harder to control the cold.

t is a universal law that heat tends to flow from hot to cold, so it is easier to heat something cold than to cool something hot. Ice is concentrated cold, but it cannot exist everywhere, because to be able to cool something, the ice tends to melt, the ice absorbs the caloric energy that surrounds it.

oday, six billion of the eight billion people on the planet live where no ice ever or almost ever forms. So, to control the cold, you have to transport the ice from where it comes naturally to where it doesn't exist, and prevent it from melting too quickly, which is what Frederic Tudor learns to do. The world will no longer be divided into places that are cold and those that need it. The mere fact of transporting the cold across oceans and continents changed life on earth.

he cold had a hidden impact on our body and our civilization, but once we control it by being able to transport it, the cold can be anywhere and change everything. Ice totally changed how we live and where we build our cities. Large industries are emerging that revolve around the cold. But, when people become dependent on ice, the problem arises when ice does not form in warm winters. This sparks the imagination, replacing ice with electric refrigeration and air conditioning.

ur cities were raised to the heights, and we created metropolises in the deserts. But although it has shaped civilization, the great history of the cold has also shaped the entire universe. 13800 million years agol Big Bang was the moment in the history of the cosmos when most heat was produced, but it is the cold that turns this primary energy into a universe of atoms, stars and planets. 1000 million years later, when our Solar System is created, the Earth is formed in a narrow strip where the degree of cold is perfect for liquid water, essential for life, to exist.

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