探秘陂下古村

探秘陂下古村

因项目需要，我们前往江西吉安市的陂下古村。抵达时，当地旅游副部长热情相迎，还亲自当起导游，带我们深入探寻古村，为我们耐心讲解这里的历史和人文风情。

刚进村口，一座略显破旧却满是岁月痕迹的牌坊映入眼帘，上面的雕刻仿佛在无声诉说往昔。副部长介绍，村子始建于唐朝，最初由罗姓开基，南宋初年参军胡晃徙居于此，此后胡姓逐渐繁衍壮大，成为村落的主要姓氏，历经千年岁月，沉淀了厚重的文化底蕴。

副部长告诉我们，道路两旁是明清时期的赣派建筑，村里有36座风格各异的祠堂。这些祠堂有的是三进式，层次分明；有的呈喜雀聚巢式，造型独特；还有门楼式、孱亭式等。走进祠堂，内部的石廊柱、木柱子、房梁以及雕刻的花鸟鱼虫等装饰保存完好。听副部长说，这些都是古代工匠的精湛手艺，凝聚着古村的历史文化记忆 ，每一处细节都值得细细品味。

随后我们来到敦仁堂，这座建筑规模宏大，气势不凡。副部长介绍，它是富田陂下胡氏的宗祠，长92米，宽36米，占地3382平方米，是江西目前发现的最大祠堂。始建于明朝成化年间，嘉靖年间扩建，采用三进式砖木结构。站在敦仁堂内，仰头便能看到精美的木雕、气派的梁枋，能感受到当年家族祭祀等活动的庄重场景。

接着到了星聚堂，这是为纪念景星公而建的房祠，同样始建于明朝成化年间，原建筑面积1538平方米，后曾被烧毁，晚清时胡氏族人集资重建。如今堂内的龙凤楼阁、王鞭以及木雕、石雕，虽历经岁月，却依旧散发着往日的华丽与庄重。

逛到安人亭时，副部长讲述了亭子背后温暖的故事。这座亭子位于村子西边，是吉安州同胡绍亭为照顾村里的孤儿寡母所建。从古至今，村里胡姓人家婚丧嫁娶都要经过此亭，这个传统一直延续，承载着古村世代传承的善良与温情。

最后，我们来到村子西边的合欢樟下。树底下的名牌写着树龄900年，副部长笑着解释，这棵樟树实际年纪有960多岁，名牌上的数字比真实树龄少了些。抬头望去，它的枝干呈“Y”字形向两边伸展，犹如张开的手臂，欢迎着远方来客。粗壮的树干需10个大人手拉手才能勉强合抱，繁茂的枝叶层层叠叠，投下大片阴凉。凑近轻嗅，能闻到樟树特有的淡淡清香。

Exploring Beixia Ancient Village: A Wonderful Journey Led by the Deputy Director of the Local Tourism Bureau

Due to the project requirements, we went to Beixia Ancient Village in Ji'an City, Jiangxi Province. When we arrived, the deputy director of the local tourism bureau warmly welcomed us. To our pleasant surprise, the deputy director personally served as our tour guide, leading us to explore the ancient village in depth and patiently explaining its history and cultural customs to us.

As soon as we entered the entrance of the village, a somewhat dilapidated archway full of traces of time came into view. The carvings on it seemed to be silently telling the stories of the past. The deputy director introduced that the village was first established in the Tang Dynasty. At the beginning, it was founded by the Luo family. In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, Hu Huang, a military officer, moved here. Since then, the Hu family gradually multiplied and grew, becoming the main surname in the village. After thousands of years, the village has accumulated a profound cultural heritage.

The deputy director told us that the old houses on both sides of the road are Jiangxi-style buildings from the Ming and Qing dynasties. There are 36 ancestral halls in the village, each with a different style. Some are three-entry style, with distinct layers; some are in the shape of magpies gathering in a nest, with a unique shape; and there are also gatehouse style, chunting style, etc. When we entered the ancestral halls, the stone corridor columns, wooden pillars, beams, and the carvings of flowers, birds, fish, and insects inside were well-preserved. According to the deputy director, these are all the exquisite craftsmanship of the ancient artisans, embodying the historical and cultural memories of the ancient village, and every detail is worth savoring carefully.

Then we came to Dunren Hall. This building is large in scale and imposing. The deputy director introduced that it is the ancestral hall of the Hu family in Futian Beixia. It is 92 meters long, 36 meters wide, and covers an area of 3,382 square meters, being the largest ancestral hall discovered in Jiangxi so far. It was initially built in the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty and expanded in the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, adopting a three-entry brick-wood structure. Standing inside Dunren Hall and looking up, we could see the exquisite wood carvings and imposing beams, and we could feel the solemn atmosphere of the family sacrificial activities in those days.

Next, we arrived at Xingju Hall. This is an ancestral hall built in memory of Jingxing Gong. It was also initially built in the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty, with an original building area of 1,538 square meters. Later, it was burned down, and in the late Qing Dynasty, the Hu family members raised funds to rebuild it. Now, the dragon and phoenix pavilions, royal whips, and the wood carvings and stone carvings inside the hall, although having gone through the passage of time, still exude the former splendor and solemnity.

When we strolled to Anren Pavilion, the deputy director told us the warm story behind the pavilion. This pavilion is located on the west side of the village and was built by Hu Shaoting, the Tongzhi of Ji'an Prefecture, to take care of the orphans and widows in the village. From ancient times to the present, the Hu family members in the village have to pass through this pavilion when they hold weddings, funerals, and other ceremonies. This tradition has been passed down all the time, carrying the kindness and warmth passed down from generation to generation in the ancient village.

Finally, we came to the Hehuan Camphor Tree on the west side of the village. There is a nameplate under the tree, which states that the tree is 900 years old. The deputy director smiled and explained that the actual age of this camphor tree is more than 960 years old, and the number on the nameplate is less than the real tree age. Looking up, its branches stretch out to both sides in a large "Y" shape, just like a person opening his arms to welcome the visitors from afar. The thick trunk requires ten adults to hold hands to barely encircle it. The lush branches and leaves are layered upon layer, casting a large area of shade. When we got closer and took a sniff, we could smell the faint fragrance unique to the camphor tree. Touching the rough bark, it was as if we could have a conversation with a life that has spanned nearly a thousand years, and the traces of time were all in the palm of our hands.

This time, following the deputy director to visit Beixia Ancient Village, every brick, tile, plant, and tree in the ancient village hides countless stories. If we have the opportunity in the future, we will definitely come again. Maybe we will discover some different surprises next time!

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