SCIENTIFIC PSYCHOLOGY // Iván Pávlov // Wilhelm Wundt

The scientific psychology was born in the century xix with the intention of investigating the human behavior of the base of the experimental methods dedicated by the sciences of the nature. In the XXth century diverse psychological schools arose, between that there emphasizes the reflexológica, the conductista, the Gestalt and that of the followers of Piaget.

Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (August 16, 1832 - August 31, 1920) was a physiologist, psychologist and philosopher, famous for having developed the first laboratory of experimental psychology (in Leipzig) in 1879, source of image of the domain of Wikimedia Commons, Author : Unknown

The pioneer of the new psychological science was the German Wihelm Wundt (1832-1920), founder of the first laboratory of experimental psychology in Leipzig (1879) and author of psychological physiological prices (1874), defined the new science that he himself I contribute to create, as a positive knowledge of the facts of the conscience apprehended through observation and that can be experimentally verified. In the twentieth century, a century of psychology, thanks to the work of Wundt they were overrun by a plurality of scientific tendencies, which in many cases have become different psychological schools, the most important have been the reflexological school, the conductist and that of Gestalt and more recently that of the followers of Piaget, all of them have to add psychoanalysis.

Regarding the reflexological school, one of the representatives is Ivan Pavlov, the unconditioned reflexes, which are instinctive or primary, should be understood as an innate response of the muscular or glandular type, which the organism emits in front of stimuli from the means, either internal or external. These innate reflections are not enough, to ensure adaptation to the changing medium so that in man and in the higher animals such adaptation is assured by the acquisition of other types of reflexes, the conditioned ones, which are established at cortical level on the basis of the previous ones, that arise in response to the variations of the environment; that is to say his name conditioned by such variations.

Extraction of the stone of the madness (The Bosco), source of image of mastery of Wikimedia Commons, Artist: Hieronymus Bosch (circa 1450 –1516)

By means of his diverse approaches, the psychology explores concepts as the perception, the attention, the motivation, the emotion, the functioning of the brain, the intelligence, the thought, the personality, the personal relations, the conscience and the unconsciousness, the psychology uses empirical quantitative and qualitative methods of investigation to analyze the behavior.

Also they can be, especially in the clinical ambience or of consultancy, another type of qualitative and mixed methods, whereas the psychological knowledge is used frequently in the evaluation or treatment of the psicopatologías, in the last decades the psychologists also are being used in the departments of human resources of the organizations, in areas related to the infantile development and of the aging, the sports, the mass media, the world of the right and the forensic sciences.

Although most of the psychologists is involved professionally in therapeutic activities (clinic, consultancy, education), a part also devotes itself to the investigation, from the universities, on a wide status of topics related to the behavior and the human thought. Like scientific discipline, it registers the interactions of the personality in three dimensions: cognitive, affective and of the behavior, is matter of controversy if perhaps other dimensions (as the morality, social and spiritual, including the religious credence) of the human experience they form or it does not depart from the ambience of the psychology, as also, to what extent the collision of such aspects he can be considered to be a scientist.

Iván P. Pavlov (Ива́н Петро́вич Па́влов Iván Petróvich Pávlov; (1849 -1936) he was a physiologist and Russian psychologist, source of image of mastery of Wikimedia Commons,Author: Unknown

Pávlov I prepare the theory of the reflex determined by means of one series of experimental studies, applying diverse stimuli to dogs and other animals, analyze the changes in the salivary secretion, which these were experiencing until fixed with clarity which were the necessary requisites, for the establishment of a determined reflex, it is convenient to say that both for Pávlov, and for his collaborators the conditional reflexes it had sense extraordinary wide. Such reflexes are established in the nervous routes and giving that the connections in the point cortical are innumerable, where the reflexólogos estimate, that they can explain the most evolved forms of the conducts it humanizes, from the habits up to learning, from the language up to the thought.

In any of the cases, the psychology reflexológica point out, that it is always a question of connections forged along the individual existence, between one external certain stimuli and an activity of restored, that it puts itself in functioning up to be fixing, as definite form of the human or animal conduct. Contemplated from a current perspective, the theory of Pávlov which refers essentially to the anatomy and to the physiology of the nervous centers of the top animals, they have helped in an important way to reveal the base neurophysiological, in which the human psyche is sustained.

Bibliograía

CONCEPTS OF SCIENTIFIC PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIOGÉNESIS, POSITIVISM for Doctor Rosa Vera García - 2015.

The thresholds of the scientific psychology for Miracles Sáiz Roca, ‎Anna Valldeneu Urpina - 2002.

SOCIOGENESIS OF THE SCIENTIFIC PSYCHOLOGY for Doctor Rosa Vera García - 2015.

History of the psychology - Page 18 for Miracles Sáiz Roca, ‎Blanca Anguera Domenjó, ‎Cristina Civera Molla - 2011.