Coffee was first entered Indonesia in 1696 on the types of Arabica coffee. Coffee is entered via Batavia (now Jakarta) carried by the Commander of the Dutch Adrian Van Ommen from Malabar - India, which is then grown and developed in what is now known as the East -Jakarta Pondok Kopi, using private land Kedaung. Unfortunately, these plants then die all by the flood, then in 1699 brought more new seeds, which later evolved around Jakarta and West Java, among others in Priangan, and eventually spread to different parts of dikepulauan Indonesia such as Sumatra, Bali, Sulawesi and Timor.

Coffee then becomes a very reliable commodity trade by the VOC. 1706 Coffee Java investigated by the Netherlands in Amsterdam, which later in 1714 the results of these studies by the Dutch introduced and planted in the Jardin des Plantes by King Louis XIV.

Indonesian coffee exports our first performed in 1711 by the Company, and in the past 10 years increased to 60 tonnes / year. Indies when it became the first coffee plantations outside Arabia and Ethiopia, which makes VOC monopolized the coffee trade from 1725 - 1780. The current Java Coffee was very famous in Europe, so the Europeans call it the "cup of Java". Until the mid-19th century into a Java Coffee best coffee in the world.

Coffee production in Java has increased quite siginificant, years 1830 - 1834 Arabica coffee production reached 26.600 tons, and 30 years later increased to 79 600 tonnes and reached its peak in 1880 -1884 94 400 tonnes.

During the 1 3/4 (A - three-quarters) of Arabica coffee century is the only type of commercial coffee grown in Indonesia. But then the development of Arabica coffee cultivation in Indonesia suffered severe setbacks, due to leaf rust disease (HEMILEIA VASTATRIX), which entered Indonesia since 1876. As a result of Arabica coffee which can survive only at an altitude of 1000 m above sea level, where the disease is not so great. Plant residues Arabica coffee is still found in the highlands Ijen (East Java), Tanah Toraja (South Sulawesi), the upper slope of Bukit Barisan (Sumatra) as Mandhailing, Lintong and Sidikalang in North Sumatra and central highlands in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam.

To overcome the pest attack leaf rust then the Dutch government to bring Liberika Coffee (Coffea Liberica) to Indonesia in 1875. But in fact, this kind also vulnerable to leaf rust disease and less acceptable in the market because it tastes too sour. Liberica current crop residue still can be found in Jambi, Central Java and Kalimantan.

Next attempt of the Government of the Netherlands is to bring coffee Robusta (Coffea canephora) in 1900, which turned out to be resistant to leaf rust disease and the need to grow and maintenance requirements are mild, while production is much higher. Robusta coffee then be rapidly expanded in place of Arabica in particular in the area - an area with an altitude below 1000 m above sea level and begin to spread throughout the region, both in Java, Sumatra and Indonesia to the east.

Since the Dutch East Indies government to leave Indonesia, smallholder continues to grow and expand, while private plantation only survive in Central Java, East Java and some parts of Sumatra; and state plantation company (PTPN) just stayed in East Java and Central Java