Humanistic counseling models. Critical analysis. /part 9/
According to the degree of awareness and consistency, the I-concept is the experience can be excluded from it or allowed to be modified. Mechanism of the disorder. The effective I-concept allows a person to experience realistically. The ineffective I-concept is the result of an inappropriate reworking of the experience in which he or she is not included in it, or is included distorted. If the child does not grow up in a proper emotional atmosphere, with constant fear of losing the approval of the people who are important to him. it is giving up on itself to the benefit of others, and this inconsistency is at the heart of the neuroses
This discrepancy is supported by two defensive mechanisms: denial is an impediment in the mind of a psychotraining experience; distortion is a distortion or intellectual transformation of experience that makes it safe for the I-concept. If the experiences do not correspond to the created I-concept, it is perceived as a threat of destruction and the reaction is a concern that triggers the protections. As a result, the I-concept remains unharmed, but a person is vulnerable. This is the psychological explanation of the neuroses. If the discrepancy is too great, defenses can become ineffective and the self destroy. This is the mechanism of psychosis.
Therapeutic process. Therapy has several tasks: - to improve the consistency of the experience with the actual I-concept. leading to personal congruence; - reducing the differences between I-real and I-ideally; - acquiring the ability to understand and express one's own feelings; - Moving the assessment out-of-the-way. In the client-centered therapy, the therapist seeks to create an atmosphere that helps to realize the client's innate potentials for personal growth and self-actualization. The guiding principle is non-corrective. It is considered an incorrect therapist to set goals, as it is interference in the nature of the individual.
The main therapeutic factors: - presence of psychological contact. The client is in a state of mismatch with his / her actual experiences and his / her I concept. Psychotherapist to be harmonious and integrated. An unconditional positive attitude towards the client - accepting it as it is, with warmth and concern, without evaluation or criticism; - the psychotherapist has an empathic attitude towards the client and gives it to him.