The Javanese Eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi)
The Javanese Eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi) is one of the endemic species of medium-sized eagle on the island of Java that is endangered and protected by law. This animal is considered synonymous with the symbol of the Republic of Indonesia, namely Garuda. And since 1992, this bird is defined as the mascot of Indonesia's rare animals
Medium-bodied eagle, slim, with body length between 60-70 cm (from the tip
Beak to tip of tail). The head is reddish-brown (kadru), with high prominent crest (2-4 feathers, long to 12 cm) and a yellowish brown neck
(Sometimes looks golden when exposed to sunlight). Black top with white tip; Crown and black mustache, while dark brown back and wings. The whitish throat with the black line lies in the middle. Down, toward the chest, the black streaks spread over a pale brownish yellow color, which in turn at the bottom again turns into a red cross-cut pattern of sawa tree until brownish over the pale white whiteness of the stomach feathers And feet. Feathers on the legs close the legs up close to the base of the finger. Brownish tail
With four dark lines and a transverse width clearly visible on the underside, the tip of a thin white striped tail. Females are similar in color, slightly larger.Iris yellow or brown eyes; Blackish beak;
Sera (meat in the base of the beak) yellowish; Yellow fingers. Young birds with head, neck and lower side of the body are light-brown cinnamon, with no graffiti or lines.
When flying, the Javanese eagle is similar to a brontok eagle (Nisaetus cirrhatus) a bright form, however
Tend to look more brownish, with the stomach looking darker, and slightly smaller in size.
High, repetitive, klii-iiw or i iiiw sounds vary from one to three syllables. Or a high-pitched and fast-paced call. In a way, it sounds like a sound
Eagle brontok although the difference is quite clear in the tone.
The spread of this eagle is limited in Java Island, from the western end (Ujung Kulon National Park) to the end
East of Blambangan Purwo Peninsula. But its distribution is now limited in these areas
With primary forests and in forested hill areas in the lowland shift with mountains. Most are found in half the southern hemisphere of Java Island. Presumably this bird lives to specialize in the slope area.
Javanese eagles love tropical rain forest ecosystems that are always green, in the lowlands as well as in higher places. Starting from areas near the coast such as in Ujung Kulon and Meru Betiri, up to the forests of the lower and upper mountains to a height of 2200 m and sometimes 3,000 meters above sea level.
In general, Javanese eagle residence is difficult to achieve, although not always far from the location
Human activity. Presumably this bird is very dependent on the existence of primary forest as
Place of his life. Although found eagles that use secondary forest as a place
Hunting and nesting, but it is located adjacent to a large primary forest.
This bird of prey hunts from its perch on the tall trees in the forest. With swift and agile ambush miscellaneous
Its prey on tree limbs or on the ground, such as various types of reptiles,
Birds like walik, punai, and even chicken. Also small to medium sized mammals such as squirrels and squirrels, bats, weasels, up to monkey children.
The egging period is recorded from January to June. The nest is a pile of leafy twigs arranged high, made in branches
Trees as high as 20-30 on the ground. Eggs of one grain, which were incubated for approximately 47
day. Tree nests are high forest tree species, such as rasamala (Altingia excelsa),
Pairs (Lithocarpus sundaicus), tusam (Pinus merkusii), puspa (Schima wallichii), and ki sireum
(Eugenia clavimyrtus). Not always deep in the forest, there are also nests found only 200-300 m distance from the place
Recreation.
In its habitat, the Javanese eagle spreads infrequently. So even though the total area of agihannya, the total number is only about 137-188 pairs of birds, or the estimated number of individuals this eagle ranges
Between 600-1000 tails. This small population faces major threats to its sustainability, caused by habitat loss and exploitation of species. Illegal logging and forest conversion into agricultural land have shrunk primary forest cover in Java.
In addition, this hawk is also constantly hunted people to be traded on the black market as a pet. Because of its scarcity, keeping this bird seems to be its own pride,
And in turn makes the price of these birds soar.
Consider the small population, its limited agribusiness territory and high pressure
Faced with it, IUCN's world conservation organization entered