History of Developmental Psychology of Education and Benefits of Educational Psychology for Education
After yesterday I made a post about "Philosophy Relations with Education - Should Philosophy Science in Education?" , I got support from @sndbox-alpha, @anomadsoul, @GuyFawkes4-20 and @fingersik and all his teammates, I say thank you. So, Today I would like to discuss a little more about educational education, philosophy of educational psychology as well as its history. Many things that sometimes make people wonder the benefits of all that science.
But it would be nice to know the history philosophy first;
History of Educational Psychology and Scope
Psychology pendidkan is a science/ science that is located or learn about behavior or attitude and also psychic in the scope of education. History of educational psychology originally originated in ancient times by social researchers who then applied into a structured function that makes it easier in analyzing or manipulating social processes between individuals and human relationships with the environment. In the scope of education, psychology is used to absorb science/ science and also interact during the learning process megajar in school or other places related to the giving and absorption of science/ science including the environment.
What is Educational Psychology?
Many people ask and discuss what is psychology? Psychology is derived from the word soul and science, this word indicates the understanding of mental or psychic calm. When entering the 19th century, experts initially questioned the definition or definition because the soul can not be observed or proven its existence (in this case is clear, because the soul is the spirit and spirit of life in the world ghoib). Things that can be observed and noticed is the human behavior that appears form. Then comes also the term organism which means that psychology is a science that studies the behavior of humans and also other living things. Darwin in 1859 declared the theory of evolution, including evolution and human behavior.
From the emergence of the question is an ideology that states that Educational Psychology is a science that learns and understands also develops education as its main goal. Woolfolk at that time also explained that educational psychology is another branch of psychology because it has a deeper understanding of education as a primary goal. Understanding education is meant to understand the behavior of everyone involved in the educational process such as learners, teachers, principals, academic nuances, school culture, beliefs, discipline, clothing, and so on.
Educational psychology is a discipline that cares and pays attention to the process of learning and the application of psychological methods and theories within the scope or process of education. Woolfok states that educational psychology is a discipline that focuses on teaching and learning process using methods as well as psychological theories. Learning process in question is the process of providing educational insight involving two parties as the main actors namely teachers and learners.
In the process of providing education, there are two things to note; first, the educator tries to choose the teaching method according to the one being educated "whether by the method of playing in the early elementary school class or in another fun way but the learning essence is still strong". Secondly, educators also need to apply principles of psychological theory that are seen as a tool that bridges or facilitates the development of learners. Example; educators always pay attention to the ability of each individual and its uniqueness though in learning berkelompk because teachers understand theoretically in principle that the individual is indeed unique and can not be equated with each other.
In this case, it means that educators should really spend more time to communicate directly with learners and pay attention to the uniqueness or the advantages of each learner.
What is the Scope of Educational Psychology?
Crow in 1995 proposed educational psychology as an applied science that aims to explain the problems of learning according to principles and facts directly related to human behavior that has been determined scientifically. In addition Crow also suggested that the data that tries to obtain is the scope of education consisting of the following:
- The extent to which environmental factors or external factors affect the learning process
- The basic properties of the learning process
- The relationship between learning readiness and the level of understanding gained
- Significance of education to individual differences in absorbing knowledge in the learning process
- Change the soul in the middle of the learning process
- Linkage of procedures or teaching methods with learning outcomes
- Effective techniques in teaching for the progress of the learning process
- Influence or distinction of formal education with education derived from informal learning experience
- The psychological effects of social conditions on attitudes or behaviors.
- Scientific values on learning attitudes and on education in schools
The teacher (teacher) is the first person to be directly involved in the teaching and education process. The student is the second person related to the education process. Interaction of both occurs in the process of educating, teaching, training, and guiding.
Educators (teachers) that should directly interact with students as a source that provides insight or knowledge or also that guides students to acquire a knowledge. And students who act as reservoir or science absorber for self-improvement or self-development in the future by relying on a broad insight. Both of these parties are educators and students are the most important component in the learning process and the most practiced principles of educational psychology.
History of Development of Educational Psychology at the Advise of Experts
Educational psychology is just as old as the psychology itself. In this case concerning the history of its development some experts take part and do not want to be left behind in the development of educational psychology both in philosophy and up to the method of effective teaching. Here is an explanation from each expert who contributed:
Plato and Aristotle, developed an educational system based on the use of the principles of psychology. Aristotle was a character who developed the idea of power psychology. Power psychology has three components in the human psyche that these three are interdependent with one another. The three components consist of reasoning/ cognitive, feeling/ affective, and the will/ conation. In this case Democritus who is the principal philosopher also stressed that the environment and atmosphere of the house brings an important influence to the development of a personality that distinguishes how the individual is behaving. The environment needs to be fostered in order to remain conducive as a place for learning and developing children. And there are many more experts who participate like Rousseau, John Locke, John Heinrich Pestalozzi, William James, Cattel, Binet. But we do not discuss one on one.
Furthermore, the development of educational psychology in the 20th century was marked by more specialized research and had a great impact on the practice of education. This flow of educational psychology studies the learning process in relation to behavior and psychology or psychology from many different points of view. This has had an effect on educational practices such as Behaviorism, Psychoanalysis, and Gestalt.
What are the Benefits of Educational Psychology for Education?
Educators who understand the perspective of psychology and its theories in learning activities are the educators who are responsible for their profession (in this case the teacher). Teachers are able to manage the teaching and learning process with careful planning, good observation, and practice in accordance with the methods and theories of educational psychology. And the following are positive things that can be taken as a benefit in educational psychology:
- Student Development Process: The stages of student development vary each individual, the process of development is the stage of stages leading to cognitive development. Example; Psychologists think even two twins will not have the exact response or behavior toward the learning process. Both may differ in self-defense, maturity, way of thinking, intelligence, and motor skills.
- Student Learning Method: The main knowledge is about the learning process which consists of the importance of learning, learning theory, learning relationship with knowledge, and the phases of the learning process.
- How to Connect Between Teaching By Learning: Briefly teaching is the delivery of skills and instill moral values in learning materials. In order for the teaching activities to be accepted and absorbed by the students, the teacher needs to arouse students' interest to learn.
- Decision Making for the Management of Teaching and Learning Processes: the teaching and learning process requires teachers to be strong and authoritative, yet friendly, central figures. Teachers are required to be able to place themselves and take decisions with full calculation based on psychological studies.
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So essentially, Educational Psychology needs to be understood by all educators to be able to evaluate the learning process responses made to reciprocity of students during the learning process. What is observed is how the responses of behavior, students 'understanding and also the students' acceptance of the material psychologically.
Teachers need to understand the knowledge of the psychology of knowledge in doing teaching and learning activities. Knowledge of educational psychology for teachers plays an important role in teaching. Educational psychology is related to the method of learning activities. There is also a teaching psychology that emphasizes more aspects aspects of the presentation of materials and teacher communication to students in the learning process.
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