"SLC21/WK6: Electricity bill and Electrical Cable, Circuit Breaker size Calculation."
| Write three key differences between XLPE and PVC cables. |
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| Factors | XLPE Cable | PVC Cable |
|---|---|---|
| Heat resistance | It has better heat resistance compared to PVC Cable, it can withstand up to 90°C operating Temperature and up to 250°C Circuit Temperature. This feature makes them eligible for Applications with High thermal loads. | It has about 70°C operating Temperature and 160°C short Circuit Temperature. |
| Cost | It more expensive than PVC Cable because of the manufacturing process undergone to crosslink the polyethylene material. | It is less expensive than XPLE Cable. |
| Composition and Insulation | It's made up of crossed-linked polyethylene material which aids the cable to have Thermal and Mechanical characteristics which helps them to carry Electricity | It's made up of Thermoplastic Polymer which has low Thermal resistance |
Write three key differences between single-core, two-core, and three-core cables.
| Factors | Single-Core | Two-Core | Three-Core |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Conductors | It contains only one Conductor, and it's typically used for high-voltage transmission. | It contains two Conductors and often used for single-phase power supply | It contains 3 Conductors, and mostly for three-phase Power supply. |
| Applications | It is mostly in high-voltage power transmission lines. | It is mostly used in household wiring | It is mostly used for Industrial and Commercial Power Distribution. |
| Load Capacity | It can accommodate higher Currents as a result of its single design. | It has lower Current capacity compared to Single-Core | It can handle higher loads than Two-Core because of its three Conductor. |
| Write about peak and off-peak hours in your country. |
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- Peak hours
This can be referred to as the period of time when the demand of Electricity is in the highest. It is usually around 7AM to 10AM in the morning 5PM to 10PM in the evening. They is usually an increase demand for electricity at this time.
- Off-Peak
It is referred to as the period of time when there is low demand of Electricity. It is usually 10 AM to 4 PM and 10 PM to 6 AM. It is usually the period when people are not at home and the period when people are sleeping at night.
| B. Calculate your house load and prepare the electricity bill for November 2024 by following Example 1. |
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So I will share the electricity consumed, based on the example shown by the Professor
| In my house, they're three lights bulb of 30watts that are on for 4 hours per day, a Fan of 70watts that is on for 3 hours per day and a Refrigerator of 400watts that is on for 6 hours per day. Our Electricity Company Electrical bill per unit is 0.16unit. How much will my bill be in November 2024? |
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Solution
Formula to calculate Electricity: Consumption= Watts* Number of Loads* Hours
Electricity Consumption of the Lamp per day is=
Watts* Number of Loads* Hours= 30 * 3 * 4=360WH
=0.36KWH(1KW= 1000 Watts)
**Electricity Consumption of the Fan per day is=
Watts x Number of Loads x Hours=
70 1 3=
210Watts
0.21KWH(1KW= 1000 Watts)
Electricity Consumption of the Refrigerator per day=
Watts x Number of Loads x Hours=
400* 1* 6=
2400Watts
2.4 KWH(1 KW= 1000 Watts)
Total Electricity Consumption in a day
=Lamps +Fan + Refrigerator
= (0.36 +0.21 + 2.4) KWH
=2.97 KWH (1 KW= 1000)
Total Electricity Consumption for November 2024=
Total Electricity Consumption in a day* 30(November= 30days)
=2.97* 30
=89.1KWH
Electrical bill per Unit= 0.16Steems
Total Electricity bill for November 2024= 89.1* 0.16
=14.256Steem.
| C. Calculate the total electricity bill with the HT meter values given in Example 2 and design an electricity bill in Excel. |
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Pixabay
HT Meter Reading:
| Date | R1( Peak) | R2(Off Peak) | Total KWH | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | 11 | 2024 | 2625.20 KWH | 9692.81 | 12318.01 |
| 30 | 11 | 2024 | 2665.26KWH | 9825.21 KWH | 12490.47 |
| Peak rate | 1.5 Steem |
|---|---|
| Off rate | 1.0 Steem |
Formula:
R1(Peak)=(2665.26-2625.20)KWH * 18000= 721080
R2(Off Peak)=(9825.21-9692.81)KWH * 18000= 2383200
Total KWH = R1 +R2 = 721080 + 2383200 = 3104280
Total KWH = (12490.47-12318.01)KWH = R1 + R2
Total Electricity Bill = R1(Peak) * 0.15 = 721080 [Per Unit cost = 0.15 Steem(Peak)]
Total Electricity Bill = R1(Peak) * 0.15 = 721080 * 0.15
Total Electricity Bill R1(Peak) = 108162 [Per Unit cost = 0.15 Steem(Peak)]
Total Electricity Bill = R2(Off Peak) * 0.10 = 2383200 [Per Unit cost = 0.10 Steem(Off-Peak)]
1 KWH = 1 unit
Designing the Excel Sheet
| D. Figure out the cable and circuit breaker sizes you need to setup a 20 ampere, 220 volts, and power factor (PF) 0.9 washing machine at home. |
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To determine the Cable Size and Circuit Breaker we may consider using the formula provided in the task which is given below.
Power, P= V * I * PF
Where;
P = Power = ?
V = Voltage = 220 volts
I = Current = 20 Amp.
PF = Power factor = 0.9
= 220 * 20 * 0.9
= 3960 Watt
To determine the cable size and circuit breaker from the above divide the total power by three.
P = 3960/3 = 1320 Watt
Therefore, 1320-watt load would require a 2.00 RM cable and C10 (10 Amp) circuit breaker for the washing machine at home.
Thanks for reading through my post, I invite @joymm, @kidi40 and @ogechukwu-martha to participate in this contest.