Today i choose a wide topic What is cryptography??

The phrase ‘cryptography’ changed into coined by combining two greek phrases, ‘krypto’ meaning hidden and ‘graphene’ that means writing.

Records of cryptography

The art of cryptography is taken into consideration to be born along side the art of writing. as civilizations evolved, people got organized in tribes, corporations, and kingdoms. This led to the emergence of thoughts which include strength, battles, supremacy, and politics. These ideas further fueled the natural need of humans to speak secretly with selective recipient which in turn ensured the continuous evolution of cryptography as well.

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The roots of cryptography are discovered in roman and egyptian civilizations.

Hieroglyph

the oldest cryptographic technique
The first known proof of cryptography can be traced to the usage of ‘hieroglyph’. a few 4000 years in the past, the egyptians used to talk with the aid of messages written in hieroglyph. This code became the secret acknowledged only to the scribes who used to transmit messages on behalf of the kings. one such hieroglyph is shown under.

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Later, the students moved on to using easy mono-alphabetic substitution ciphers in the course of 500 to six hundred bc. This worried replacing alphabets of message with other alphabets with a few mystery rule. This rule have become a key to retrieve the message lower back from the garbled message.

History

The earlier roman technique of cryptography, popularly known as the caesar shift cipher, is predicated on moving the letters of a message through an agreed number (3 become a commonplace preference), the recipient of this message would then shift the letters lower back by the same range and attain the unique message.

Steganography

Steganography is comparable however provides some other dimension to cryptography. On this approach, humans no longer simplest need to defend the secrecy of an information by way of concealing it, but in addition they need to make sure any unauthorized person receives no evidence that the statistics even exists. for example, invisible watermarking.

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In steganography, an unintended recipient or an interloper is unaware of the fact that determined information includes hidden records. in cryptography, an outsider is normally conscious that records is being communicated, because they can see the coded/scrambled message.

Steganography

evolution of cryptography

it's miles at some stage in and after the ecu renaissance, various italian and papal states led the fast proliferation of cryptographic strategies. Various evaluation and attack techniques have been researched in this era to break the secret codes.

Progressed coding strategies along with vigenere coding came into lifestyles inside the fifteenth century, which supplied moving letters within the message with a number of variable places in preference to transferring them the same variety of places.

After nineteenth century

Best after the nineteenth century, cryptography advanced from the advert hoc methods to encryption to the greater state-of-the-art artwork and technology of data security.

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In the early twentieth century, the invention of mechanical and electromechanical machines, which includes the enigma rotor gadget, furnished more advanced and green manner of coding the facts.