The realization of the Republic of Turkey - A short Summary

On October 31, 1918, the first world war ended with the unconditional surrender of Turkey. Two years later the country is divided among the victorious powers of Great Britain, France, Italy and Greece, so that Turkey remains only a remaining area around Ankara in Central Anatolia. Access to the Mediterranean is taken by the country and Istanbul is placed under international guardianship.

In 1919 the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, under pressure from the British Mustafa Kemal Pasha, sent the Black Sea to control the growing unrest in Central Anatolia. But instead, it is at the head of a new resistance movement. In April 1920, she called the "Great Turkish National Assembly" in Ankara. President of the National Assembly will be Mustafa Kemal, who also holds the presidency of the National Government.

At the same time the Turks gained military success against the French, the Italians and the Armenians. Gradually they conquered their land. The last battles take place against the Greeks, who have used the surrender to regain their grip on the west of the country. At Inönü the northern army won a decisive battle against them.

One year later the tough resistance has been successful: the winners of the First World War recognize Turkey within the boundaries of today. The Treaty of Lausanne states in 1923 that the 1.5 million Greeks who have lived in Turkey for generations must move to Greece. In turn, the approximately 500,000 Turks living in Greece have to emigrate to Turkey. On October 29, 1923, the Turkish Republic was called out. The Sultanate has been abolished.

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