Vitamin B2 Deficiency – Riboflavin

Also known as riboflavin, vitamin B2 is a necessary component of cell function, cell growth and energy production. Although vitamin B2 is readily found in most foods, it is often included in multivitamins and B-complex supplements. Vitamin B2 supplements are relatively safe and may help to prevent riboflavin deficiency in high risk groups.

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Vitamin B2 in Food

Riboflavin can be found in many foods, including dairy, meat, grains and certain vegetables. According to the Linus Pauling Institute, the recommended daily intake of vitamin B2 for healthy adults is 1.1 to 1.3 mg/day. The recommended daily intake for children is usually lower, while nursing and pregnant women have increased requirements of riboflavin.

Vitamin B2 Inside the Body

As a vital component of flavoco-enzymes and flavoproteins, vitamin B2 is involved in many metabolic processes within the body. In addition to converting carbohydrates into glucose for energy, vitamin B2 also has a role in the metabolism of fats and proteins.

Riboflavin is often included in eye vitamins used to slow macular degeneration. Preliminary studies also have suggested that vitamin B2 may help patients who suffer from migraines and cataracts.

Vitamin B2 as an Antioxidant

Oxidative stress occurs when free radicals cause damage to cells and tissues. As a vital component of the glutathione redox cycle, riboflavin helps to eliminate harmful free radicals. Vitamin B2 is also involved in the formation of uric acid, an important antioxidant found in the blood.

Vitamin B2 Deficiency

High risk groups, including anorexics and alcoholics, are at increased risk for development of a vitamin B2 deficiency. Patients suffering from anorexia often have insufficient dietary vitamin B2 intake, while alcohol interferes with the utilization of riboflavin inside the body. In pregnant women, vitamin B2 deficiency can cause anemia and high blood pressure. Other symptoms of deficiency may include sore throat, mouth sores, cracked lips and dermatitis.

Riboflavin Supplements

Few adverse effects have been reported with vitamin B2 supplementation, and the risk of toxicity is low. Vitamin B2 is water soluble and excess riboflavin is simply removed by the kidneys. Although relatively safe, higher doses of vitamin B2 can cause numbness and itching of the hands, as well as light sensitivity. Patients should contact a physician if they have concerns regarding vitamin B2 deficiency or the use of supplements.

References:

Linus Pauling Institute: “Riboflavin”

MayoClinic.com:“Riboflavin”