Migrating Birds Provide Biomimetic Lessons for Our Stress Management Problems
Biomimetics (also known as biomimicry or bionics) is the application of methods and systems found in Nature to modern technology and Human Resource Development. Although Nature offers best solutions for many of our complicated or unsolved problems, we rarely seek solutions from it. In this article, I have identified certain valuable facts in the behavior of migrating birds that could provide some basic principles for solving our stress management problems.
Now a days, stress has become an integral part of our day-to-day life and hence every one of us has to face it in one or other forms. The stress is created by various factors known as stressors. They may be, environmental, physiological, social or cognitive. Our body reacts to these stressors physiologically by secretion of a hormone called, corticosterone that leads to a "Fight or Fright" response. Although this type of response is interpreted as an adaptive value, persistent or frequent occurrence of stress does lead to chronic undesirable effects in due course on physiological and behavioural responses of human body.
Knowing the importance of stress in health management, many stress management techniques have been evolved and suggested to combat stress. However, no comprehensive methodology is available for an overall management of stress that could be applied for any type of stress. Here comes the solution to this problem from the Nature.
A critical study of the migrating behaviours of some long-migrating birds provides some basic principles involved in the successful management of stress.
The most stressful part of life in the migrating birds is their long migrating journey. Some of the migrating birds like geese, sparrows, thrushes, warblers etc., are known for their seasonal migration travelling hundreds of miles. They have been performing migration year by year and generation by generation. How they are able to manage this stressful event successfully and performing without any break knowing very well that it will involve severe stress? The answer is that the nature taught them how to manage this stressful event successfully during the course of thousands of years of their evolution.
The following are the basic principles identified in the management of stress by the migrating birds: 1. Principle of avoidance, 2. Principle of adaptation and 3. Principle of acceptance.
Principle of avoidance: The basic reason why the birds perform seasonal migration is to avoid the stress of severe cold that they would have to face during a particular season although the migration by itself a stress causing exercise. Unless these bird move away from the places of severe cold during that season, their chance of survival amidst the severe temperature stress would a remote one. Therefore the Nature taught them that the principle of avoidance would be the best option under such situation. Yet another stress the migrant birds likely to face is the threat of predators on their route of migration. In order to avoid the threat of their predators on their route the birds prefer to take a circuitous route knowing very well that such decision involve additional flight distance. Here also the principle of avoidance is followed while facing the stress by the birds. In both the cases, the principle of avoidance is considered as the more valuable stress management technique for that situations.
Principle of acceptance: In the above case of principle of avoidance, the birds were able to distinguish stresses that are tolerable (manageable) stresses that are intolerable (unmanageable) and they come for a compromise by accepting the tolerable stress in order to avoid the intolerable stress. Here comes the principle of acceptance. According to which, one has to accept some level of stresses and it is not advisable to wait for a stress free situation.
Principle of adaptation: Once the