Doing a quick search online, it does appear that some people do grow peanuts in Canada, so you might be alright. If you gave it a shot, I'd reccomend a shorter grow season variety such as Virginia or Spanish peanuts.

You can always start your plants inside early in the spring to give them a headstart, which would probably benefit you a bit as well. If you do give it a shot, I'd be interested in hearing how it goes!