Let’s start by the biography of all the characters that are mentioned by Anne Frank in her Diary, the history of the book, some history of the Nazi Germany and the concentration fields.

BIOGRAPHY OF THE PEOPLE

Annelies Marie Frank

But everybody knows her as: Anne Frank. She was a girl of 15 years old that was born on June 12, 1929 in Frankfurt am Main, Weimar Republic.

She was a Jewish girl with German nationality and Dutch as mother tongue. Their parents were: Edith Hollander and Otto Heinrich Frank and a sister by the name of Margot Frank. Anne Frank studied in the: 6e Montessorischool, (and now by the name 6e Montessorischool Anne Frank) a school that is located in Holland. Anne Frank wrote all the events that were happening in Holland, her family was hidden in a secret annex or ''Achterhuis''  behind the offices of the company of her father, by the name of Opekta. 

Anne Frank was arrested by the Grüne Polizei (or GESTAPO) in August 4, 1944 and sent to Auschwitzh (a concentration field) in September 2, 1944 and later she was sent to Bergen-Belsen (other concentration field).
She died of typhus in March (there's no day documented of the day she died), she died two months before Holland was released of the nazis.

Typhus: they are a union of infectious diseases that produce high fever, intense pain in body and in the head, skin rashes and stages of brain delirium.

Edith Holländer

She was the mother of Anne Frank and wife of Otto Frank. She was born in January 16, 1900.
She was one of the Jewish refugees in the secret annex, she was later arrested in August 4, 1944 and then sent to Auschwitz II where she died from starvation in January 6, 1944 (ten days after her birthday).

Otto Heinrich Frank

_{Otto Frank in 1961}

He was the father of Anne Frank and husband of Edith Holländer. He was born in May 12, 1889 and he was the only person who survives of his family, (he survived the Holocaust). All his family emigrated to Amsterdam when Hitler got the power.
He was sent to Auschwitz and then released by the soviets in January 27, 1945. He was sent to Holland in June, 1945 and he met with Miep Gies again, she gave him the diary of Anne, she was planning to return it to her (to Anne Frank) after the war.
Otto Frank decided to publish the diary of her daughter in her memory.
Otto Heinrich Frank died at the age of 91 years old in August 19, 1980 in Switzerland.

The Holocaust was a genocide where six millions jews were killed by the Nazi regime, under the command of Adolf Hitler.

Margot Betti Frank

She was the older sister of Anne Frank. She was born in February 16, 1926 (just 3 years before Anne Frank was born).
In July 5, 1942, Margot got a letter that she had to go to a working field, this was the reason to hide in the offices of his father (the ones that were behind of the tower).

She was arrested in August 4, 1944 like all the people who were with her and then she was sent to Auschwitz in September 3, 1944 with her sister Anne Frank and Auguste van Pels, but later in the same year she was sent to Bergen-Belsen in October 30, 1944 with her sister and Auguste, again. She died first after her sister in March 9, 1945 of typhus, (she was weak and she fell off her bed, she died because of the impact of falling from the bed) weeks after the war was over.

Hermine Santrouschitz-Gies

She was one of the people who helped the Frank family during the Nazis who were in Amsterdam.
She was known as Miep in the diary of Anne Frank. She was born in February 15, 1901 and she was who gave the diary of Anne Frank to Otto Frank.
She worked besides Otto Frank in the company where they his family was hidden, and that's how she met Otto Frank.

In August 4, 1944 (like all the eight refugees) she was arrested, she and her husband they must have been shot because they where hiding Jews. She tried to bribe the SS Oberscharführer Karl Sillberbauer with the reason to try and help the Frank family but it didn't work.
She hid the diary of Anne Frank when the GESTAPO (the police) were searching the secret anex. She later died in January 11, 2010 at the age of 100 years old.

GESTAPO: It was the official secret police of the Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe. 

Elisabeth Voskuijl

She was born in July 5, 1919. She in known as Bep but in the diary of Anne Frank is know as Elli. She worked with Otto Frank, and was hired by him in 1937 as secretary of the company known as Opekta.
She was the one who got all the supplies that the families needed. Elli ordered some courses of Latin and shorthand so the people would improve in this as a hobby.

She was arrested in August 4, 1944 but she managed to escape from the GESTAPO and then later she came back to help out Miep Gies to collect some personal documents of the refugees in the secret anex and that's how they found the diary of Anne Frank.

She died in May 6, 1984 in Amsterdam at the age of 63 years old.

Auguste Van Pels

She was born in September 29, 1989 in Osnabrück, Germany. She was the wife of Hermann Van Pels and mother of Peter Van Pels, she hide in the secret anex too.
She was sent to Auschwitz in September 3, 1944 when she got arrested in August 4, 1944.

Note: People say that it was later sent to Bergen-Belsen but that it was not there when Anne Frank and Margot Frank died.

She died in Buchenwald, (another concentration field) in May 15, 1945.

Hermann Van Pels

He was born in Osnabrück, Germany in March 31, 1898. He was partner with Otto Frank for the Opekta company. He was arrested in August 4, 1944 and then sent to the gas chambers in Auschwitz in September 6, 1945 where he died.
Note: He was the only person who was sent to the gas chamber from the eight refugees

Peter van Pels

He was born in Osnabrück, Germany in November 8, 1926. Anne Frank was in love with him at the end of June and July, the girl wasn't in love with him the first years when the hid in the secret anex.
He was arrested in August 4, 1944. He was sent to Auschwitz in September 3, 1944. He saw how his father appeared in the list of the gas chambers list. In January 5, 1945 he was selected to go to the concentration field of Mauthausen-Gusen in Austria and later he died in May 5, 1945 just three days after this field got released by the Americans.

Fritz Pfeffer

He was born in April 30, 1889, he was a dentist and was part of the refugees in the secret anex of the Opekta company. He is known as Albert Dussel in the diary of Ana Frank. The relationship between Ana and Fritz was pretty tense because the dentist used to wake up early and do exercise in the room, this annoyed Ana Frank a lot.

Victor Kugler

He was an electrician born in June 5, 1900 in Vrchlabí, Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was one of the people who helped the Frank and Van Pels family in the secret annex. 

He then was arrested by the GESTAPO in August 4, 1944 then he was transferred to the Weteringschans prison with people who were senteced to death, and the transferred to the Amstelveenseweg concentration field.

He past away in January 21, 1959 in Amsterdam, a year before the Anne Frank Foundation was created in 1960 and where he had a lot of participation.

Johannes Kleiman

He was know as Koophius in the diary of Ana Frank. He was born in August 17, 1896, he helped to hide the Frank Family too of the Nazis. Kleiman was an accountant and hired by the Opekta company in 1983, there is when he met Otto Frank.

In August 4, 1944, Johannes Kleiman was arrested by the GESTAPO besides Victor Kugler and the he was sent to the Amstelveenseweg  prison before going to the Amersfoort concentration field.

He died in December 20, 1944 in the Neuengamme concentration field.

So this are the refugees who hid in the secret anex, all of them excepting: Elli (or Bep) and Miep Gies, because these two woman were helping the two families from outside the secret annex. Victor Kugler and Johannes Kleiman weren't inside the annex,  they were helping the families out but they got caught by the police too.
You can see a little bit of the biography that I wrote for each person in her diary.

P.D: I took information from some pages like Wikipedia and Annefrank.org because some biographical information doesn't appear in the diary.

HOW DID ANNE FRANK GOT THE DIARY?

They diary has a red cover and some white lines in all the book.

Anne Frank birthday was in June the 12th and she was celebrating it in her home in Merwedeplein (from 1934 to 1942), one of her birthday gifts was a diary from their parents, she immediately started to write on the book. She named her diary as: Kitty and this was because of a school friend named: Kathe Zgyedie, who was called like Kitty. 

She was writing everything that was happening in her life: the school, friends, landscapes and everything. Everything explodes when Margot Frank gets a letter to go to a working field, so Otto Frank immediately took his family to the secret annex that was on his office.

Everything turns black when the Nazis occupy Amsterdam. Anne Frank starts to write down in his diary all the events during 1942 to 1944.  The increase of prices from 10 florins to 350 florins to just buy a 1kg of meat in the black market, fake coupons to be able to eat and the bombings and assassinations that were happening in Amsterdam.

But Anne Frank wasn't just write the bad things, she also wrote intimate parts of her life during this events like her relationship with Peter van Pels, all the birthdays that the refugees were having and the things that were happening inside the secret annex.  

In some editions of the diary they say that the refugees were caught because an apartment thief notified to the GESTAPO that something was going on in the Opekta company, that the thief saw some lights in the company, the thief did this for 500 florins and the he was shot by the GESTAPO.

Note: some theories say that the Frank and van Pels families weren't betrayed by a thief. They say that the police were in the building searching for stolen merchandise like jewelry and cloth and the GESTAPO found them by accident.

When Anne Frank got arrested in August 4, 1944 she was sent to a house camp in Westerbork and the she was transferred to Auschwitzh field concentration in September 2, 1944. The Nazis listed some people to go the gas chambers, (Anne wasn't in the list) .

Anne was tattooed with a number to identify her and her head was shaved. Anne Frank contracted certain diseases because she was also nude, and this caused that the diseases spread faster. Anne Frank, Margot Frank and Auguste van Pels were selected to go the Bergen-Belsen concentration field but her mother wasn't include in the list. Anne was able to meet some friends of her school again like: Hanneli Goslar but known as Lies in the diary. In March, 1945, Anne and Margot contracted a disease called: Typhus, they both died from this, a month later the concentration field would have been released by the British troops in April 15, 1945.

MY OPINION

I just feel really sad for the Frank and van Pels families. It just makes me feel sad the way that if Anne and Margot would have been alive a little bit longer they would have been released because there was only a month left so the British would have taken the concentration field, but Anne was already weak because of her sister death, she was alone in that place, sick and weak with no one and just the body of her sister, (because Margot Frank died first) just Anne and her sister. 

I feel also sad for the father, he managed to survive, but when he got away of all of this, and read his daughter diary and I think that was devastating for him, and because he was the only alive of all the people who were in the secret annex. Otto Frank saw heartbreaking things and even more if he couldn't help her family out.

I recommend you to read this book if you want to know more about German history, culture and Anne Frank history. You will not be disappointed.

And as I say, some of the information was obtained from some website because in the diary there are not biographical information to make this post possible .