Engineering and Science (Stepper Motor)
Image source Pixabay.com
Today I will be doing my publication on Stepper Motor. Stepper motor used the theory of operations for magnets for its conversion.
Stepper Motor is an electromechanical device that is used to convert electrical power into mechanical power following several steps for operations. Its operation is powered by electrical powers to make the motor turn the shaft turn.
Image source Pixabay.com
Building a stepper motor is not different from the steps needed to build a DC motor with a permanent magnet (Rotor) at the center. The Rotor is enclosed, and a magnetic coil all over it to control the magnetic field
Types of Stepper Motor
Permanent magnet stepper
A permanent magnet stepper makes use of a permanent magnet in the rotor, and it is the most common stepper motor. It operates on the attraction between the rotor PM and the electromagnets stator. A permanent magnet stepper has 48 -24 steps and is less costly in manufacturing when compared with other types of stepper motors.
Variable Reluctance Stepper.
Variable Reluctance Stepper Motor operates on the principle that minimum reluctance occurs with a minimum gap. The iron rotor points are pulled towards the stator magnet poles in the stepper motor. This is an old stepper motor, with the iron rotor angular depending on the reluctance of the magnetic circuit.
Hybrid synchronous stepper
Hybrid synchronous stepper motors get their name from the combination of Permanent magnet and variable reluctance techniques. The two types are brought together to maximum power in a small package for better performance. A hybrid synchronous stepper motor is far much better in speed, step resolution, and holding in torque-speed when compared to the other types of stepper motor. It is extremely expensive when compared to permanent magnet stepper motors.
How to Select a Stepper Motor
Torque-speed
To select a motor for whatever you want to make use of, it is important to examine the torque-speed or the motor. Most of this information is always displayed on the motor by the designers telling the torque of the specified speed. It is all left to you if the torque-speed curve matches your application. Things to look out for:
Types of Wiring
It is another important aspect as stepper motors are generally two-phase motors. That is the unipolar and bipolar, with the unipolar motor having two windings and a center-tapped one lead between the windings.
The bipolar has a single winding, and its direction of supply changes through the driving circuit.
Stepper Motor vs DC Motor
Most of the time, technicians came to think both stepper and dc motor are similar to each other. The motors are used in different industrial applications with some little confusion in differences. We will list some characteristics and compare them.
| Characteristics | Stepper Motor | DC Motor |
|---|---|---|
| Control Characteristics | Simple (use microcontroller) | Simple (no extras required) |
| Speed Range | 200 to 2000 RPMs | Moderate |
| Reliability | High | Moderate |
| Efficiency | Low | High |
| Cost | Low | Low |
Advantages
- Ruggedness
- Construction is simple
- Low cost of maintenance
- Can work under any situation
- A wide range of speed can be realized since it proportional to the frequency of the input pulse
Disadvantages
- Low Accuracy
- Low Efficiency
- Uses a high current when compared to DC
- Difficult to manage at high speed
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