Diversion and Emergency L/D

Objective

◆ Demonstrate all the abilities required to perform the procedures by:

▸ Accomplishing Emergency procedures correctly
▸ Crew demonstrates good situational and positional awareness and minimizes further risk during diversion.
▸ Coordination with ATC, OCC and purser for Emergency Landing
▸ Recognizing the situation for evacuation
Starting Point : When the decision is made to do an emergency landing or a diversion is made.
Ending Point : Completion of the landing roll

Procedure (Emergency landing)

◆ When There is Sufficient Time before Landing

▸ All pilots will loosen ties and remove any sharp objects from their persons.
▸ Notify ATC (related ground agencies) and OCC/dispatcher of plan to evacute, including the reason and request
emergency equipment.
▸ Refer to "Over Weight Landing" in this Chapter if expected landing weight will exceed the maximum allowable
landing weight.
▸ If any dangerous good is on board, notify control tower of the kinds and location of loading.

◆ Crew Briefing

▸ The PiC will brief the cabin crew directly on the following"
⦁ Type of emergency (including aircraft condition and weather)
⦁ Type of landing and remaining time
⦁ Who will give the brace and evacuation signal
⦁ Other special instructions
Note) If an emergency evacuation is not necessary, the PIC or F/O should make a PA as soon as possible, after
the aircraft is completely stopped.
▸ The Purser will prepare for passenger evacuation in accordance with the COM "Emergency Procedures".

◆ Evacuation Considerations

⦁ In case of uncontainable fire, heavy smoke, critical aircraft damage, ditching or any critical situation the PIC
determines serious enough, follow the evacuation procedure.
⦁ Indication of fire should be regarded as the most critical emergency.
Therefore, in case the PIC is unable to confirm the ongoing fire, he/she must gather additional information from all
available resources including the tower, cabin crew, or ground staff to achieve better circumstantial judgement.
⦁ The crew must understand that fire has the potential to rapidly grow with leaked fuel or combustiable material near
the fire source.
Note) If the evacuation is required which is based on the external situation the evacuation shall be recommended by the agent of RFFS(Rescue and Fire Fighting Service) at the airport with hands signal as below or radio.

◆ Flight Crew Duties on Passenger Evacuation

▸ The flight crew shall escape from aircraft only after assisting remaining passenger escape and verifying all passenger
evacuation is completed.
▸ Ensure passengers are at a point well clear of the aircraft, out of range of possible fire or explosion and prevent
passenger attempts to go back to the aircraft where danger still exists.

Considerations

◆ Diversion

▸ Priority on Selecting a Diversion Airport

 ⦁ If unable to contact OCC/dispatcher, select an alternate with the following priorities:
     √ Regular Airport
     √ Other Designated Airports (Provisional, Alternate or Refueling Airport)
     √ Emergency Airport designated by the Company
     √ Any airport not mentioned above, including a military airfield

    Note) Refer to Airway Manual for "Regular, Other Designated, Emergency Airport".

▸ Factors to Consider in Selecting an Emergency Diversion Airport

  ⦁ The following factors and others may be relevant in determining whether an airport is suitable or not for an 
     emergency diversion:
      √ Aircraft : Weight, Fuel Remaining, System Status, Landing Performance
      √ Weather : Weather & Wind En-route and at the Airport
      √ Runways : Available Runways, Length & Surface Conditions, Available Approach Navaids & Lighting
      √ Airport : NOTAMs & Facilities, Pilot;s Familiarity
      √ Ground Obstacles : Minimum Altitudes (Refer to Low Level Chart if necessary)

Note) Contact OCC/dispatcher or appropriate ATC to check for availability of medical assistance for a medical
diversion.

▸ Fuel Requirements for Diversion

⦁  If a diversion is required to an alternate airport due to weather, or any other reason, minimum diversion fuel
    should be the sum of the fuel to the diversion airport and minimum fuel specified by the Company.
    Calculation of required diversion fuel well in advance is important to prevent facing an emergency caused
    by shortage of fuel.

⦁  When calculating required fuel for diversion, following items should be considered:
      √ Traffic congestion enroute and at the diversion airport
      √  Designated enroute Altitude and weather conditions.
       √ Weather conditions for the diversion airport

▸ Diversion Planning Chart

⦁ The Diversion Planning Chart is designated to increase awareness of actual fuel status, and is not meant to be
   a solitary source for diversion information unless in an emergency situation.
⦁ Refer to relevant QRH for the aircraft type's Diversion planning Chart and a Diversion Planning Chart example is 
   in the FCRM