Working of Boost Converter in PV Systems
A boost converter is a DC–DC power electronic circuit used to step up a lower DC input voltage to a higher DC output voltage. In solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, boost converters play a crucial role in matching the variable panel voltage to the required level for inverters or loads, especially when MPPT control is applied.
The basic components of a boost converter include an inductor, power switch (MOSFET), diode, capacitor, and load. Its operation is divided into two main modes based on the switching state.
When the switch is ON, the inductor is directly connected to the input source. During this period, energy is stored in the inductor in the form of a magnetic field, while the diode remains reverse-biased, isolating the output side. The capacitor supplies energy to the load during this interval.
When the switch is turned OFF, the inductor releases its stored energy. The inductor voltage adds to the input voltage, forward-biasing the diode and transferring energy to the output capacitor and load. As a result, the output voltage becomes higher than the input voltage.
By controlling the duty cycle of the switching signal, the output voltage of the boost converter can be regulated. A higher duty cycle results in a higher output voltage. In solar energy systems, this controlled operation enables efficient power extraction and stable voltage regulation under varying environmental conditions.
