what is Super computer | How does it work? - Detailed explanation. | Super computing means super fast computing?

Back in half a century, even the smallest computer at that time occupied a whole room. And today, with the use of microchip, more powerful computers have been pocketed in the past. But have you ever wondered, if these small chips are made of a house-size computer then how strong will it be?
Is it possible to create a super computer? -Will get more than a million times your laptop or desktop to get super computing, and can solve any complex scientific problem in the world? Today's question is, what type of feature helps to make a simple computer super-computer? How different is a super-computer from your current computer? Let's learn about all the information about super computing.

What is a super computer?

So, because of some super characteristics, a computer is called super-computer? The computer is flying because of? 😛 Is the computer's laser light fence due to the CPU? 😛 Not because of the building with ammunition and cannons? Hey, one minute! This is not super man, super-computer!

In simple language, computers can be extremely fast, solve complex scientific problems, or predict weather, or just say what the climate of 2050 will be and how many such amazing works can be computerized as a super computer. Now you might ask, how fast the computer to work?
If my computer has more RAM and more core processors, more GPUs, but can I be super computing? In order to fully understand the definition that I gave to the super-computer in "simple language", you have to be aware of certain terms first.

IBM's supercomputer, which is operated on 250,000 processors

See, before entering the main question today we need to know what is the computer? This is basically a machine that completes any normal work. It takes an input to the first input (data), then processing them on your own, and eventually an output result appears in front of you.
In fact, super-computer means that there must be a huge giant computer, or you should be able to fly million-billion times faster than your normal computer, but this is not the case; Actually it uses a completely different method to complete any work. Like your normal desktop or laptop, it does a lot of work at a time, not just doing one thing at a time. And this is basically the main feature that makes a computer a super computer.

Serial and parallel processing

What is the difference between serial and parallel processing? A simple computer can do one thing at a time, ie, to complete a task, it provides output of the job by completing one after another process. And this is called serial processing.
Now you might say, "I play music with my computer at the same time, browse the internet and render the video, and you say one thing at a time"? Actually, your computer can complete a few million orders per second, in this case you have a real-time serial no matter what you do. Let's try to make the subject more clear by a nice example. Imagine a simple shopkeeper, think you went to his shop and asked him to pack a 1 kg of dough.Now what he will do - he will first get up from his seat, then go to the rack to keep the packet of flour, bring the flour packet, hand it over to you, and calculate your given cash and keep it in the drawer. Now, see how fast he got up from his seat, or how quickly he took flour from the rack and handed it to you. It is not the main issue.
The main thing is that he is only doing one thing at a particular time. No matter how quickly he supplies you, he is doing one thing at a time and providing service to you by doing one after another. In this way, normal computers complete the work.

But today's modern supercomputers work using a completely different method. It divides the work into several parts and simultaneously processes them, and this system is called parallel processing.Think of the above example, you went to a shop to buy 1 kg flour, 1 liter of oil, and 1 kg of sugar. Now suppose that there are 3 people in the shop to help the shopkeeper. Then all you can do is pick a different job to supply the things you want. Someone will bring sugar, someone will bring oil and someone will supply flour and in the same time you can also clear the money transaction with the shopkeeper.
Again, each one brings different things at the same time, but all are coming together to you. In this way, if you do not want to buy anything in the shop, many people work there, but it is possible to complete all the tasks very fast in the same period. And this is parallel processing, theoretically, our brain also works in the parallel process. At the same time, you are reading this article, and at the same time your brain continues to insinuate the internal activities of your body.

Why Parallel Processing is Super Computing

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Parallel computing system

The computer used by our daily work does not need to be so efficient. Your computer has to spend very little processing power to browse, email, or type in the internet. But if you want to change a lot of complex tasks such as - Change the color of digital photos of a large resolution, your computer will have to do a lot of processing, sometimes it may take up to a few minutes to complete it.Again, if you want to do gaming just on internet browsing, emailing, or typing on your computer, you will need a lot of fast processors, dedicated GPUs and more memory (RAM), or your system will work slower. Fast processor, and your computer will start to work dramatically much faster when you have twice the memory. But how fast? There is also a limit to this speed-a processor can only work once.

Now think you are a scientist and you work in a weather office. You have to work together to forecast weather forecasts, new cancer medication tests, and climate models until 2050. Now you can upgrade your PC processor and more memory to complete this task, even though it will work faster than before but there is a limit to its work.
But if your work is divided into one piece and each piece is worked with different processors, that means parallel processing is done, but it will be possible to do your work faster and efficiently than ever before.

Parallel computing

Supercomputers need supercomputing to make a lot of processors together - so that they can work together in parallel to complete a lot of work at the same time. The name of the fastest supercomputers in the current year is The Sunway TaihuLight. It has 64-bit 40,960 multi-processors and each processor chip has 256 processing cores. That is, this whole computer has 10,649,600 processors !!!

Parallel computing is a standard system for super computing, but parallel computing has some serious problems. Let's go back to the shop example, but this time I'll take an example of the super market. Think you went with some of your friends to the supermarket to buy some things.
Now if you send your friend to different counters to take some things, your things will be bought in less time, and after the shopping all things will be gathered to you. In such a way, the supercomputer trim the work and complete it with different processors and then collect those pieces together to give output.
But if any work is too big, sending the pieces to the processors, and after work, it becomes a very difficult task for computers to combine all the pieces. To do this, another management system needs to be done so that each task is broken into the processor and the back pieces are grouped together and outputs.But to process this management system, there is a lot of processing power needed, which can overload the system. As the task manager of Windows OS-it mainly displays the processing of all programs, but it also requires some processing power to display them.

You can complete your shopping in fewer times by sending your friends to different counters, but it will be late for the payment. Imagine that you have come to shopping millions of things together and 50,000 friends are collecting things from different counters. If you were shopping at a counter at a time, the cash pay problem would have ended in a counter, but due to the shopping in different counters, a problem was broken into 50,000 problems.

Just think, you command the computer to predict the weather for the week ahead of the whole world. Now your computer will break into pieces all these processes and send them to different processors, for processing, if you used to do the process, then all the processing would end at once. But each processor will process different weather forecasting in different countries in order to process different processors.Butt problem may be more serious, because the weather in different countries of the world can be completely different from other countries. As a result, a processor will have to wait until another processor's work is finished-and one needs to get help from another processor to solve the problem. So super parallel work on some computers and some tasks need to be done in serial processing.

Super computing

Type-type

Grid super computer

It is possible to do many complex tasks by executing parallel processing by creating thousands of processors, RAMs and GPUs in a huge box and creating supercomputers. Or if you want to be able to interconnect with a lot of PCs together with many fast LANs (local area network) cable together in the same room, you can create a super computer. This type of supercomputer is called Cluster. Google uses such a computer to provide search results for its users.

Another kind of super-computer name is Grid - which is very similar to clusters, but different computers are located in different parts of the world and are connected to each other using the Internet or other computer network. This is an example of a distributed computing, where computers in different parts of the world work together on a network.It can say virtual super computing. Different universities or research centers in the world connect their computers with each other and create a grid super computer. Not every computer in the grid works in the same way, or does not have to do them, but they together create a strong computing system.

Manage

Cluster super computers are put together in a big place, and sometimes it can be 3-4 football grounds. And this giant size computer requires a huge amount of electricity to run, this amount is possible to run thousands of homes by electricity. Millions of dollars worth of dollars needed to handle supercomputers for so much electricity costs.

Again, supercomputers make a lot of heat, when the electricity flows through the cable, when the electricity flows through the cable, it also produces heat energy. And for this, your normal computer also needs a cooling system. But it is not possible for these huge computers to be cooled by ordinary fans.
Today's modern super-computers are cooled by liquids, exactly the way the fridge works. It costs a lot of electricity to handle this cooling system, secondly it is also a hammer for the environment.

Which computer is the super computer?

As already mentioned, a computer is a machine that can do all normal tasks (of course virtually). If you want you can run on your computer using your computer's operating system, such as Windows! But most super-computers run on a Linux-based operating system.
These operating systems are highly customized, meaning they are only made with specific work features. Since super-computers are used mainly to solve various scientific problems, what do you need to have other work features?

Super computing is useful?

As a computer, all the normal work is a machine so you can read internet browsing, mail send, photo editing, video editing, gaming, even techhabs, to the article by super-computer. You will need to run different programs on your system to do this work just like your normal computer. For example, you need different apps (apps) to do different things on your Android or iPhone, but these are computer programs, but what else is different!

These computers are not working on supercomputers for the time being. It is used to solve complex mathematical problems, solve scientific problems, test nuclear intelligence, weather forecasts, climate change, and intensification of intensities. But theoretically, all the work done by a super-computer is possible, which is your normal computer.

How powerful is the super computer?

Normal computers publish their ability to work in MIPS or Million Instructions Per Second. It indicates that the system can perform various commands (read, write, data store) processing to complete any work.
It is easy to compare between two processors via MIPS, which is said to be as strong as the processor can work at MIPS. We usually know it as processor speed, which is usually expressed as gigahhar.

But the power of working on supercomputers is expressed separately. Since these computers are used for scientific purposes, its power is calculated as the Floating Point Operations Per Second FLOPS. This is an efficient method to calculate the effective power of a computer. Let's try to understand these two terms through a small example

Think, you are watching a football match, you see the player present in the 1st player with the ball, he passed the ball to the player 2 in the field, the 2nd player passed the ball to the player 3 near the goal- and the player 3 beat an intelligent strong The ball hit the ball and scored the goal. In this way, there are 3 more goals through different players' hits. Now, here MIPS means that the ball has to hit the ball to hit a ball to complete a goal and hit the ball.
And the FLOPS means that the team has scored the total. That is, how many million commands to be followed by a processor to perform one task per second, it is published by MIPS and how many tasks are completed every second, it is published by the FLOPs.

The world's fastest 5 supercomputer

Last word

In the direction of computing, we have been able to achieve a commendable power. The power of today's pocket computing divisions is much higher than the computer's equivalent of 20 years ago. Today has reached the peak of super computing, now waiting for Quantum computing. Soon it may also be a busy form

Hope you enjoy the tune today, especially while writing your tune, I was enjoying myself too much. Thanks for reading this giant tune carefully, and do not forget to tune down any discussion or question with super computing. And, as always, the tune will share more.