白露,枯而不瘦 | 最文艺的节气,没有之一 | 书画里的节气
“白露”其名
白露,在二十四节气中排行十五。
它是全年昼夜温差最大的节气,它的到来,预示着秋意愈发逼近,寒气愈发加重。
“白露”这个名字,本身就很美。
从发音上来看,张口至圆口,平声至仄声,轻轻吐露间,似有凉气在唇齿间徘徊。
再看其色彩,清浅的“白”,似中国画里头的“清墨”,浅浅淡淡的一笔,凝成草尖的一粒水珠。
《月令七十二候集解》中写道——“水土湿气凝而为露,秋属金,金色白,白者露之色,而气始寒也”。
意思是,夜晚空气里湿气较重,清晨便能在地表和叶面上凝结成露珠,因此有了“露”这一字。另外,古人以四时配五行,秋天属“金”,“金”为白色,故以“白”修饰秋“露”,也就有了“白露”一名。
《月令七十二候集解》又言——“八月节……阴气渐重,露凝而白也”。
古人认为,“夏至”时阳气达到顶点,同时阴气也在此时兴起,到了“白露”,阴气越来越重,使清晨的露水增加厚度,凝成白水滴的模样,故称“白露”。
“白露”三候
古人规定,十五日为一“节气”,五日为一“候”,因此每一节气都有“三候”。
白露三候分别是:
一候鸿雁来:鸿大雁小,自北而来南也,不谓南乡,非其居耳。
二候玄鸟归:玄鸟解见春分,此时自北而往南迁也,燕乃南方之鸟,故曰归。
三候群鸟养羞:三兽以上为群,群者,众也。养羞者,藏之以备冬月之养也。
了解“三候”变化,是对节气更深的了解。
养生小食
白露时节的饮食应当以健脾润燥为主,宜吃性平味甘或甘温之物,宜吃营养丰富、容易消化的平补食品。进食不宜过饱,以免增加肠胃的负担,导致胃肠疾病。
白露时令美食当推荐“莲子百合粥”,能养心安神,润燥止咳。
“白露”诗文
悲秋将岁晚,繁露已成霜。
遍渚芦先白,沾篱菊自黄。
应钟鸣远寺,拥雁度三湘。
气逼襦衣薄,寒侵宵梦长。
满庭添月色,拂水敛荷香。
独念蓬门下,穷年在一方。
(《白露为霜》 唐 · 颜粲)
白露凋花花不残,凉风吹叶叶初乾。
无人解爱萧条境,更绕衰丛一匝看。
(《衰荷》 白居易)
蒹葭苍苍,白露为霜。所谓伊人,在水一方。
溯洄从之,道阻且长。溯游从之,宛在水中央。
蒹葭萋萋,白露未晞。所谓伊人,在水之湄。
溯洄从之,道阻且跻。溯游从之,宛在水中坻。
蒹葭采采,白露未已。所谓伊人,在水之涘。
溯洄从之,道阻且右。溯游从之,宛在水中沚。
(《蒹葭》 出自《诗经》)
白露自有它不凡的美感,虽寒气生,万物日渐萧索,但不至干瘪无味,倒是丰腴寂静,“枯”而不“瘦”,饶有趣味。
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