The Third Largest Planet : The Earth

The third largest planet, according to the distance from the Sun, is the world's fifth largest planet in eight solar systems. It is one of four solid solar systems in the Solar System. The world's other name is "world" or "blue bear" The Greek name known as "Earth", known in English as Gaia (Γαῖα), is the Latin name of the planet "Terra".

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The world is home to billions of species of people including humans. The world is the only cosmic place where the existence of life is expressed. The world was formed 454 billion years ago. Within a billion years, life on earth arises. Earth's biosphere has brought significant changes in the atmosphere and other inorganic conditions of this planet. This resulted in the increase of aerobic organisms on the one hand, on the other hand the level of weight was formed. Together with the Earth's magnetic field, this weight level has hindered the development of life on the planet by blocking the harmful solar radiation. Earth's natural resources and its geological history and orbits have helped in the survival of life in this age. It is believed that more than 50 billion years of earth will be able to survive.

The Earth's surface is divided into several hard strings. These are called crustaceous plaques. For billions of years, they have been deposited on the earth's surface. About 71% of the world's surface is covered by the ocean of saline water. The remnants are composed of continents and numerous islands. There are also numerous ocean lakes and other water sources in the area. These are made up of the world's waterways. Essential fluid water for livelihood is not found anywhere in the crust of this planet. Earth's perennially covered ice (Antarctic ice sheets) or sea ice (Arctic ice cap). Earth's interior is always functional. This part consists of a relatively thick layer of solid mantle, a liquid outline (which forms a magnetic field) and consists of a strong iron core.

There is a relation between earth and other objects in the universe. This planet has special relationships with the sun and the moon. At present, the Earth is orbiting the sun in its orbit at approximately 365.26 solar days or one star year. The earth is tilted in its axis 66.1 / 2 degree angle. This results in a period of time between the equatorial period (365.24 solar day) in the world. The only visible natural satellite in the world is the moon. 4.35 billion years ago the moon started circling the earth. Due to the motion of the moon, the tidal wave of the earth is destroyed and the slope of the earth's chamber is stagnant. The speed of the moon gradually decreasing the speed of the Earth. Between 3.8 billion and 4.1 billion years, significant changes were made in the environment of the planet's surface during clashes with multiple asteroids during the next monsoon.

The planet's mineral resources and organic resources are both essential for the survival of mankind. The inhabitants of this planet are living in about 200 independent sovereign states, dividing the entire planet. There is mutual diplomatic, tourism, commercial and military relations between these countries. Born of different concepts about human culture planet These concepts include the idea of ​​the world as a god, the imagination of the flat world, and the imagination of the earth as the center of the universe. In addition, the modern trends of visualizing the world as a consolidated environment are also noticed. This concept is now predominant.

Name and Etymology

The word "earth" is Sanskrit. Its name is "Prithvi". Prithvi was the mythical "Pruthur" kingdom. Its synonyms are: boshudha, Bashundhara, catch, earth, earth, crater, land, hazard, mohi etc.

Chronology of the Earth

Origin

Earth is the result of a clash of clashes after roughly 100 million years of the solar system. From today 4.54 billion years ago, the name of the planet Earth is shaped, a center of iron and an atmosphere. 400 million years ago, there were intense clashes between two planets. The intensity of the collision was so high that, during this time, the two planets were added. The planet called the planet named Theia was the biggest clash with the planet Earth. During the conflict, the world was 100 million years old. The collision took place through the thiia and the world, the new planet was created. We live in that planet. Researchers at the moon's three-lunar mission and the volcanic eruptions found in Hawaii, Arizona. There is no difference between the two stone oxygen isotopes. In the words of researcher Professor Edward Young, there is no difference between the earth's soil and its oxygen isotope. The planet named Theia was becoming then. At the same time the shock takes place and the earth is created.

The oldest substance in the Solar System is about 4.56 billion years old. 4.54 billion years ago today the world's oldest form was formed. Along with the Sun, other cosmic objects of the solar system are also formed and their evolution continues. From theoretical perspective, a solar nebula from a molecular cloud extends out some volume through the gravitational collapse, which begins to rotate and is made in a circular motion in the extrinsic disc, and from this disc, the Sun and other planets originate. A nebula contains aerial material, ice, and cosmic dust (including primitive nuclei). According to the nebula theory, supercritical planets are formed through the process of addition. Thus, the primitive world took about 1 to 2 million years to form.

The Moon is currently undergoing research and it is said that the Moon was formed approximately 4.53 billion years ago. According to a researched estimate, Mars is made up of the objects of the size of the planet Thi, due to the loss of earth after the earth's collapse, This phenomenon is said to have been that the planet's mass was about 10% of the masses of the planet, which hit the earth in a tropically, and after the injury Some of the masses become dissipated with the earth. Approximately 4.1 to 3.5 billion years of which many asteroid strikes, which caused massive changes in the surface of the Moon, and it was due to the presence of the Earth.

Geological history

Earth's atmosphere and oceans are created due to the eruption of volcanic eruptions and outgassing of the water vapor-rich gases. Earth's oceans have been formed in conjunction with concentrated water and ice from asteroids, small planets, and comets. In the Future Young Sun Paradox model it is said that when the newly formed Surya had only 70% solar brightness than the present time, the atmospheric "green house gases" Water prevents ice from being ice. 3.5 billion years ago, the Earth's magnetic field was formed, which is the result of solar wind Fly's atmosphere protects us from.

The world's tough exteriorization has been created when the molten outer part of the Earth is cold and tough. In two modes it is explained that the land gradually came to its present state, or at the beginning of the history of the world rapidly changed and later the continental regions were formed. Continents: Earth's crust is formed due to the constant heat loss inside the Earth. Geological period lasted for hundreds of millions of years and during this time the Great Allies were merged and separated. About 75 million years ago, the oldest continent of Great Britain started breaking down Rodiniya. After the continent, together with 60 million years to 54 million years ago, Panotia, later gathered in Panjia, broke after 18 million years ago.

The current form of the ice age begins almost 4 million years ago and it is concentrated in the time of Pleistocene 3 million years ago. 40,000 to 100,000 years ago, due to the glacier and ice melts, high-latitude zodiacs declined. The last continental glacier ended 10,000 years ago.

Advent and evolution of life

The first molecules were found to be about 400 million years ago due to chemical reactions. After more than 50 billion years, the last single ancestor of all creatures is found. Solar energy is the result of the evolution of photosynthesis directly to the survival and reproduction of the organism. As a result, oxygen (O2) is integrated into the atmosphere and due to the interaction with the sun's ultraviolet radiation, the ozone layer (O3) is formed on the atmosphere to protect the earth from this. Due to the presence of small cells with large cells, complex cells are formed, which are called subtenders . When the cells in the colonies become more specialized, multicellular organisms are formed. Researchers at the surface of the world began gathering due to the absorption of harmful ultraviolet radiation in the ozone layer. The fossils of the oldest organisms found in the Western Australia are 3.48 billion years old, Sandstone microbial matte fossils, 3.7 billion years before the metastatic organic graphite found in West Greenland, in Western Australia Rapta organic part of the rock.

At 75 to 58 million years ago, most of the Earth was thought to be frozen in neutropenorous times. This concept is called "Snowfall Earth" and it has special significance because the Cambrian explosion occurred when the complexity of multicellular organisms began to be formed. After the Cambrian explosion, 535 million years ago there were five major types of explosions. Most Recent explosions are the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction, which was organized 66 million years ago. During this time, the dinosaurs can not fly by the influence of asteroids and other large reptiles disappear, but small animal species like mammals survive. Until 66 million years, mammals differed in life, and several million years ago, African monkey-like animals, such as Arroin Tugenensis, got the ability to stand upright. The development of agriculture and later civilization resulted in increased human influence on environment and nature. And in the present condition.

Earth's future

The expected long-term future of the Earth is closely related to the sun. Within the next 1.1 billion years (1 billion years = 109 years), the brightness of the sun's light may increase by more than 10% and the next 3.5 billion years may increase by 40%. The rising temperatures of Earth's surface are inorganic carbon Increase the cycle, resulting in its density in the air will be critically low (C4 photosynthesis will be only 10 ppm) after about 500 - 900 million years (1 Million years = 106 years). Because of the lack of vegetation, the atmosphere will not have oxygen, and the animal world will become extinct. In the next billion years, all the water above the surface will dry up. And the average temperature of the entire world will rise to about 70 ° C( 158 ° F). Since this time, the Earth is expected to be habitable for the next 500 million years, It is possible for up to 2.3 billion years if the atmosphere does not contain nitrogen. Even if the sun is eternal and stable, 27% water in the modern oceans The groundwater will be lost on the ground level, due to the reduced amount of vapor emitted from the rocks in the ocean.

The change in the size of the sun in 5 billion years will become a red giant or red donation. It is estimated from different models that the size of the Sun will increase to about 1 au (15,00,000,000 km), which is more than 250 times its current radius. At this time the fate of the Earth is very clear. As a red monster, the sun will lose about 30% of its mass during this time. Thus, the tidal-less earth, orbit, will circumambulate the Sun at about 1.7 AU distance, at which time the star will become its maximum circumference. Most of the rest of the living biodiversity, but not all, will die due to the rising brightness of the sun (the brightness will be 5,000 times greater than the current limit). The results of a simulation done in 2008 indicate that tidal effects Because the Earth's orbit will decrease at one time and the sun will drag it to itself, the result is that the Earth enters the Sun's atmosphere And will vapor once.

The external structure

During the origin of the Earth it was a hot gas pind. It is cool and condensed from hot conditions. At this time heavy elements are deposited in the center of it and the light components are deposited in the lower level from the bottom to the different variations. All these levels in the world are known as one Mandal. At the top is the osmotic layer. The upper part of the osmosis is called crust. Per kilometer down the crust Increase in temperature increases to 30 degrees Celsius. The upper part of the crust consists of the outer formations, such as the front, plains, plains and so on. The outer structure of the earth is decorated with the varied landforms of the Earth's surface. Earth's main landmarks are not the same everywhere in the earth's surface. There are several differences in shape, nature and structural aspects. There are high mountains, mountains somewhere, and plateau somewhere on the earth. Geographically, the whole earth's surface can be divided into 3 parts.

These are: (1) Mountain (2) Plateau (3) plain.

At least 1000 meters above sea level, the tall and lofty sloping rock is called mountain. Generally 600 to 1000m Highly detailed hilt is called the hill. The height of the mountain can be up to several thousand meters from sea level. The mountain's terrestrial nature is usually of a friend, its shield is very steep and usually crisp. Some mountains, like Kilimanjaro in East Africa, remain secluded. Again, some mountains, like the Himalayas, lie in a wide area, with many different peaks.

The elevated plains playing high steep sloping waves from the elevation above the mountain but called Plains. The plateau height can range from hundreds meters to several thousand meters. The highest plateau in the world is 4,270 to 5,190 meters.

The low ground slope from the sea level is a plain land plain. Plots have been created due to different geological processes such as river, glacier and wind erosion and storage. Plainland is very suitable for farming, living and road construction for gentle shield and short roughness. So the most densely populated settlements have been formed in the plain.

Habitability

The planet on which the planet can survive is said to be habitable, even if the life on the planet does not occur. There is abundant water in the world - which creates a fair environment for combining and combining complex organic compounds, and also provides the energy needed for metabolic processes. The distance from the Earth to the sun, at the same time, its axial sub-centrality, the motion of orbital rotation, Axial slopes, geological history, tolerant atmosphere, and magnetic fields all together in the surface of the earth Rick has been working behind the current climate and the environment.

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