Causes of Osteoporosis by Sex

Changes in hormone levels can affect bone density. In women, hormonestrogen is needed to maintain bone health. But what happens after menopause is a decrease in estrogen levels in the body which also resulted in a dramatic decrease in bone density. This results in women being more at risk of osteoporosis than men, especially if they have the following conditions:

Not having a long menstrual cycle (more than six months) due to exercise or an excessive diet.
Experiencing early menopause (before age 45).
Underwent hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus) before the age of 45, especially if both ovaries are also removed.
The effect of hormone on male osteoporosis is not as significant in women. However, it is thought that there remains a connection between osteoporosis and the hormone testosterone that helps keep bones strong. This is indicated by an increased risk of osteoporosis in men with low testosterone levels even though men continue to produce testosterone to old age.

In half the cases of male patients, the cause of osteoporosis is not known with certainty, while half may be caused by:

Consume excessive liquor.
Consumption of drugs such as glucocorticoids or steroid drugs for more than three months.
Conditions that cause testosterone levels lower than normal levels (hypogonadism).