SEC S20W4 || Etiopathogenic Anemias - Module 4

Greetings friend and welcome once more. It’s been an impacting week. Thanks for yet another enlightening class. Here’s my homework.

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Define Etiopathogenic Anemia

Ethiopathogenic anaemia is the type of anaemia that occurs when there is an imbalance of the red blood cells, when immature reticulocytes are released into the blood during circulation.

For example, when an accident occurs, and one experiences too much bleeding, the body in order to make up for this loss of blood releases many immature red blood cells to make make up for the lack of red blood cells. This condition is known as ethiopathogenic anemia.

IPR index is used to measure the number of red blood cells (reticulocytes) in the blood and it’s usually expressed in percentages. With IPR index, ethiopathogenic anaemia is classified into arregenerative anaemia and regenerative anaemia.

Megaloblastic anaemia which is a type of ethiopathogenic anaemia by IPR is classified under areegenerative anemia. This occurs due to vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 helps erythrocytes to mature, their deficiency inhibits the maturation of erythrocytes hence causing them to remain as reticulocytes.

If the IPR of a patient is between 1-2% or above 3%, it shows the patient is suffering from arregenerative anaemia or regenerative anaemia respectively.

Make a diagram of the maturation of the UFC-E

Erythropoiesis is simply the process of the creation and maturation of erythrocytes (red blood cell). Note that the stem cells needs to mature and become erythrocytes and this maturation process requires folic acid and vitamin B12, the lack of these leads to anemia.

The kidney produces erythropoietin which stimulates the bone marrow to produce stem cells known as the hematopoietic stem cells. These stem cells later becomes myeloid progenitor cells, then proceeds as CFU-E.

They proceed to become proerythroblast, to basophilic erythroblast and then to polychromatic erythroblasts and then onthochromatic erythroblast which later becomes Reticulocyte and lastly erythrocytes (Matured red blood cells). These lasts for about one hundred and twenty days after their maturation.

Arregenerative Anemia vs. Regenerative Anemia

Arregenerative anaemia	Regenerative Anaemia
Red blood cell does not adequately respond to the need for for increase in red blood cell	The bone marrow increases the production of new red blood cells as a response to the decrease in the number of red blood cells
This happens as a result of interference in the normal red blood cells production in the bone marrow due to an underlying problem	This is caused by excessive bleeding or haemolysis
Chronic renal diseases, bone marrow disorder, iron deficiency etc causes this	Poisoning, trauma, infections that causes blood loss leads to this

Give suggestions in case of bleeding

Source

The first aid steps to take in case of bleeding includes;

• Ensure to wear protective gloves and other equipment that could protect you if they are available.

• Find the source of the bleeding and remove clothing or debris on it, you can clean with water as iodine may cause irritation.

• Cover the wound with a cloth or sterile gauze to stop the bleeding. Apply pressure with your palm by pressing firmly on it until bleeding stops.

• Reassure the injured person calmly while helping them to lie down on a blanket or rug to preserve body heat. If it possible, elevate wounded area above the level of the heart and wrap with a thick bandage , tape or clean cloth.

• If more blood keeps coming out, add more bandage or cloth while still applying pressure.

• In case of very severe bleeding you can use tourniquets if you know how to use it. (A tourniquet is a material tied around wounded area to stop the flow of hood through the veins and arteries to that particular region). Try and get the person to stay still while waiting for medical help. Then ensure to get emergency medical help as soon as possible.

• Ensure to wash ur hands when you are done.

That would be all for the homework, thank you. I ask @jobita30, @ngoeyi and @ndosi996 to participate in this engagement challenge.