The warm spring flowers are a good time to go out and enjoy the spring. However, the spring is also a time when infectious diseases are "in charge". Remember to pay attention to health and safety when you go out, especially to prevent and control the following three common spring infectious diseases.

chicken pox

Chickenpox is an acute infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets and direct contact with varicella-zoster fluid. It can also be transmitted through virus-contaminated appliances, such as toys, stationery, door handles, etc.

Lethality The disease is highly contagious and the population is generally susceptible, but it is more common in children and can easily cause clusters of disease in kindergartens and schools.

Symptoms After infection with varicella virus, prodromal symptoms such as fever, general malaise, fatigue, and sore throat may appear in the early stage. The rash first appears on the head and trunk, and gradually spreads to the limbs. At first, it becomes a red macule, then becomes a papule and develops into herpes.

1-2 days after herpes, the herpes begins to dry and scab from the center, the surrounding skin flushes and disappears, and then the scab falls off after a few days. Macular papules, blisters, and scabs are often seen at the same place. If there are no complications, it can heal on its own in about two weeks.

Adolescents and adults have a higher risk of severe chickenpox and complications than children.

Response Vaccination with varicella vaccine is the most effective preventive measure. Beijing currently recommends that school-age children receive two doses of varicella vaccine according to the program: the first dose for 18 months old and the second dose for 4 years old; children over 4 years of age who have only received one dose of the vaccine in the past are recommended to receive the second dose. Dose vaccine.

In the season when chickenpox is high, if you or your child have fever, rash and other uncomfortable symptoms, you should go to the hospital as soon as possible to confirm the diagnosis. Please wear a mask when you see a doctor. If you are diagnosed with chickenpox, you should isolate and treat at home and go to work or school without the disease to prevent infection. During the isolation period until the chickenpox herpes scabs or the rash subsides, students need to go to the health department of the hospital to issue a resumption certificate after the school checks. Can go back to school.

Measles

Measles is one of the most contagious infectious diseases. The disease is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the measles virus. It is the peak seasonal incidence of measles from March to May each year. Measles patients are the only source of infection.

Lethality The virus can be spread by droplets or by direct contact with the nasopharyngeal secretions of infected persons, and the population is generally susceptible. It is easier to achieve transmission in work and living places with crowded people and poor air circulation.

Symptoms: fever, red macules, coughing, runny nose, tearing, photophobia, sore throat, malaise, etc. Some cases may also be accompanied by serious complications, such as pneumonia.

In the high-incidence season of measles, strengthen self-protection, pay attention to wearing masks, and minimize to crowded public places with poor air circulation; if symptoms such as fever, rash, cough, etc. occur, go to the hospital for treatment as soon as possible, and wear a mask when seeing a doctor . If you are diagnosed with measles by the hospital, you should be treated and quarantined according to your doctor’s instructions. Don’t bring the disease to work or school to prevent the virus from spreading to your family, classmates or colleagues. Timely vaccination is the key to protecting children’s health, so parents must follow Take your child to get measles vaccination at the appointment time of the vaccination clinic. If you find that your child has missed the vaccine, you should go to the vaccination clinic as soon as possible to get the vaccine.

Rubella

Rubella is a respiratory infectious disease caused by rubella virus, and it occurs frequently in spring.

The lethality of the population is generally susceptible. With the increase in the vaccination rate of children, adults, especially women of childbearing age, have gradually become the main body of rubella cases. Children are usually in a mild condition when they are sick. Rubella in pregnant women may lead to fetal death or congenital defects, such as congenital heart disease, cataracts, and deafness, which is congenital rubella syndrome.

Symptoms After being infected with the virus, symptoms such as fever and cough appear early, and then light red maculopapular rashes appear on the face first, which quickly spread throughout the body.

In order to avoid rubella virus infection, school-age children who have not been vaccinated according to the procedure should go to the local vaccination clinic as soon as possible. Adults with unknown vaccination history are also recommended to receive a dose of rubella-containing vaccine; children who have not been vaccinated, Adults should avoid public places where people gather as much as possible. Pregnant women should avoid contact with rubella patients; indoor windows are often open for ventilation; if symptoms of fever or rash occur, they should go to the hospital in time. After being diagnosed with rubella, they should avoid contact with people around them. .