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Hello steemians!

I hope you are doing well in your life. I hope you are keeping your health in this pandemic as first priority. So this is my homework post for @pelon53. The topic is Solana Blockchain so let's get started.

Question 1

Explain in detail the PoH of Solana?

First and all, what is Solana? Solana can be described as a decentralized public blockchain system built on open-source design. Hof(history of proof) is being used for the first time on a blockchain. This blockchain's transactions are peer-to-peer and based on cryptocurrency. NFT tokens are also supported.

Poh Of Solana:-

Solana employs the proof-of-history (PoH) convention, which entails grouping messages together in order to provide proof and a record of when each message was sent. On the blockchain, the concept provides for better scalability and trust for the transaction. The largest challenge with network infrastructures is negotiating on the timeframe as well as a sequence which the things occur since nodes in a distributed network can't trust the timestamp on messages received from other nodes. To solve this difficulty, Solana uses Proof of History (PoH), which generates a cryptographically secure source of time all across the network system . Poh is a high-frequency Verifiable Delay Function (VDF) that requires a set of steps to assess but yields a unique result that can be publicly verified. Proof of History includes a recursive verifiable delay function. As it progresses through the information, each transaction has its own hash and count. This information tells us how many events had to happen before the next one, almost like a cryptographic timestamp, providing a verifiable order of events as a function of real-time.

Question 2

Explain at least 2 cases of use of Solana?

Two Projects That Uses Solana:

The following two projects are given below:

Serum:

The serum is a Solana-based centralized exchange software. It's an exchange where you may buy and sell cryptocurrencies. The major goal of collaborating with Solana is to improve centralized exchanges' speed, accuracy, security, and ease. When they submit orders to Serum, they may be more flexible with pricing and order quantities, providing them full control over the trading. The serum is a platform that is similar to coinbase and Binance. Serum's network and design are intended to make transactions feel like they would on a regular exchange that's why above I told you that their order book is similar to other exchanges such as Binance.

Serum token is currently around $8.26Usd and its market cap is $1,097,166,877 and volume is $429,275,267.

Raydium (RAY)

Raydium is also built on the Solana blockchain. Raydium is an Automated Market Maker (AMM) and a liquidity provider that uses the Serum project's technologies. In simple words, It's a Solona Blockchain-based platform that features a centralized market system and on-chain liquidity. Provides Serum trading that is quick and efficient. Solana is a blockchain-based platform that also works with Ethereum.

Raydium token price is $10.73 USD , its market cap is $762,894,705 and volume is $168,234,821

Question 3

Detail and explain the SOLA token

Sola is a future-oriented decentralized virtual community that rewards associate degreed edges all stakeholders, particularly members, different creators, and also the core group. as a result of Sola is an integrated platform, the huge bulk of its cryptography can possibly be provided as freeware, permitting anybody to study, change, and easily use it. This platform is being built under the Solana and Serum networks, and it currently offers exchange services. Liquidity options, cryptocurrency, and NFT will be added shortly.
This platform is being built under the Solana and Serum networks, and it currently offers exchange services. Liquidity options, cryptocurrency, and NFT.

With characteristics from both, the Sola token system is a mix of a decentralized and centralized trading platform. Sol tokens are used to pay for network processing fees as well as blockchain-based fees.T will be added shortly.

The price and market cap info are given below and the above ss are from coingeko website.

• Price of token (sola): $0.04082654

• Market Cap : $1,108,566

• Max Supply : 27,153,077

Question4

When did Solana Blockchain see its operations interrupted? Why? Explain

According to a Twitter account run by the Solana project, it was tweeted on September 14 in which it was stated that "Resource exhaustion in the network is causing a denial of service, engineers are working towards a resolution. Validators are preparing for a potential restart if necessary,". the Solana system was suffered from a blackout that lasted long probably 17 hours, during that time Solana network was affected. It affected in a way that Solana server has encountered destabilization. The blockchain had its first big disruption since its mainnet event, halting the transactions of thousands of individuals on the network. This was a setback for the network, which has attracted a large number of investors who prefer it to other cryptocurrencies.

Question no 5:

Check the last block generated in Solana and make an approximate calculation of How many blocks per second have been generated in Solana, taking into account from the initial block to the current one? Justify your answer and show screenshots.

we need to go to the site solana.com to verify the last block generated at the moment we are doing this question. First, we will see the last block generated.

As you can see in the picture that the last block generated on oct 1,2021 at 17:11:33 was block no 99,277,230. Now we will copy this block no into the search engine.

In the above picture, you can see all the related information of that block and they are also given under;

• Slot 99,277,230
• Blockhash FJ5exJEoyAq2NuP52sxsXPrNkF7iUeApWg2RD7hzsqw2
• Timestamp (Local) Oct 1, 2021 at 22:11:33 GMT+5
• Timestamp (UTC) Oct 1, 2021 at 17:11:33 UTC
• Parent Slot 99,277,229
• Epoch 229
• Parent Blockhash:7u52GXddUTXoqek3R9W5eg6JwHcQr74puKExN2iRWbPL
• Processed Transactions 2077
• Successful Transactions 1511

now we will process the 2nds part of the question and we will again go to that site and get the information of block 1

As you can see in the above 2 pictures that I have selected the 1 slot means the first block and in the 2nd pic we got some info but I have to the timestamp of the first block which isn't there.

I had to check all these 4 transaction slots for the timestamp and in the 3rd slot, I found the timestamp.

you can see in the above picture that the timestamp is now available and we can see that the first block was created on Mar 16, 2020, at 19:30:51 Pakistan Standard Time.

First block March 16, 2020 time 19:30:51.Now we must see how much time in seconds has elapsed from the first block to the last block generated at 20:55:10 on September 29, 2021, as we saw it in the verification of the previous year.

Now let's carry on to our calculation part. we need some data for the calculation. First block March 16, 2020 time 19:30:51.Now we must see how much time in seconds has elapsed from the first block to the last block generated on Oct 1, 2021, at 22:11:33 as we saw it in the verification of the previous year.

The Solana Blockchain platform has now been active for over 18 months. There are approximately 2,630,000 seconds in a month. As a result, the total number of seconds is equal to 18 times by the number of seconds in a month, which is 2,63,000, resulting in a total of 47,340,000 seconds.

By dividing the entire number of seconds by the value of the last produced block,

• 47,340,000/ 98,980,441
• 0.49827630915 seconds
  or
• 2.0384581 blocks per second

It takes to 0.47 sec to create a block.

Conclusion:

I can conclude this homework post with that the professor presented us with a wonderful and informative topic. It was a great overview and detailed explanation of the Solana blockchain, we came to know about the Poh if Solana and the project in which Solana is used. We discussed the sola token and the interruption. Overall it was a pretty informative topic.

Special mentions to ;
@pelon53