The great escape of the sun and its twins

Many wonder if the solar system is a special place in the galaxy, the chemical composition that is found here and above all the essential conditions for life to form, and from time to time we discover that in such a nebula or in such a place there are also organic molecules, the conditions that occurred in the solar system and above all the stability of our star, all of them add up to an event or are rare things in the cosmos, we are a special place, most astronomers consider no, that the solar system is quite common and that There are hundreds of millions of stars in our galaxy alone, we are not talking about the universe.

They consider that there are hundreds of millions of stars with characteristics similar to the sun and therefore with the possibility that life would have arisen in them, although we still have no trace or signs of life outside the Earth, not only in our solar system, but outside, in the entire universe, SETI is there looking for signs. None have found it yet, only a few scientists defend that the Earth is in a special, rare place, orbiting a peculiar star, to which we must add a great factor of luck to be able to avoid horrible things, such as stellar explosions, such as supernovas, kilonovas and all this in about 4.6 billion years.

The new research published on March 13, from the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, which is a point in favor of the Earth being a lucky survivor, is titled “We are not alone, our sun escaped from the galactic center along with its stellar twins” and apparently it was a narrow escape, and I'm not saying it, the researchers say it just barely, just at the right time.

Researchers found evidence that our sun was not born where it is now, in that quiet spiral arm where we are right now, but was part of a great mass migration of several thousand stars that left the center of the Milky Way about 4 to 6 billion years ago. This is interesting because the center of the Milky Way is a place rich in many elements that were perhaps fundamental for life to arise.

So, in that formation, in that cloud where it was born, in that nursery of stars where the solar system was born, where the sun and the planets that make up our solar system were born, could have been enriched by those peculiar elements that are found in large quantities near the galactic nucleus. For this, researchers have created a catalog to know how many stars managed to escape, how many were formed at the same time as the sun, and they have compiled 6,594 stars or solar twins, stars that are very similar to the sun in temperature, surface gravity, chemical composition, etc.

This in itself is a gem for the search for exoplanets with life and even for the search for possible extraterrestrial civilizations, because there may be hundreds of millions of stars potentially similar to the Sun, according to a study from a few years ago, the calculation is that there could be about 400 million planets similar to the Earth orbiting the habitable zone of stars similar to the Sun, both yellow dwarfs, the Sun is a yellow dwarf, and orange dwarfs, which although they are a little smaller than the Sun, are also very cozy places and not as cold and stormy as red dwarf stars.

Despite that, if we reduce the search of those hundreds of millions to only 6,594, which also coincide in characteristics with the Sun, even with the original chemical composition, well, that is what we have gained from precision work. The important thing about this new catalog is that it is about 30 times larger than previous catalogues. For this they have used data from the European Space Agency's GA satellite, which has information on 2 billion stars and here begins the intriguing part of this story.

When analyzing the ages of the stars they saw a very clear peak, around 4,000 to 6,000 million years in the past, just the age in which it is believed that this massive migration from the central regions occurred, where the galactic bar is, which is that brightest area in the center, that would be the galactic bar and it is where it came from, where the solar system was formed and this was fundamental so that now we are here and we are not star dust, but floating on a dune of a planet Earth desert, because it turns out that the Galactic Center is a very dangerous place, supermassive stars that live intensely and die very young exploding as supernovae, black holes that eat you if you get close to them, neutron stars and their most terrifying versions. the magnetenares and more deadly cosmic phenomena that at the very least would leave the Earth sterile or without an atmosphere in one fell swoop.

To this we must also add the extreme density of stars, there are millions of stars crowded into a small space. The central bulge only has 1000 light years, there is a case of a star that is going to approach us, that is nothing compared to what is experienced near the galactic nucleus. The density is brutal and the encounter with stars and the close pass is also brutal because these encounters, although they do not cause collisions between stars, cause gravitational alterations that destabilize planetary orbits and expel planets.

And of course, in the Galactic Center there is the big boss, the big fish, Sagittarius A*, the black hole of more than 4 million solar masses that emits jets of particles, B rays and radio waves and that is when it is in a good mood, because if it eats a star or eats a large molecular cloud, it can activate and expel jets of deadly radiation.

In short, the sun and its sisters migrated to the outskirts of that galactic nucleus where they were born and where there were also very interesting elements and they did so about 26,000 light years from the galactic center where they were born, in a much calmer and more relaxed area, where radiation is also low, supernovae are rare things, there will be some black holes, but they are very dispersed around and that contributed to why we are on Earth.

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