In the previous article, we introduced Polkadot’s proof of nominee rights. By setting validators and nominators, Polkadot’s profit-seeking behavior has become a driving factor for the creation of a pool of validators with equal pledges, making the Polkadot network’s The nodes are sufficiently dispersed to prevent the generation of monopoly nodes.

Someone may ask, if a node company has many nodes, although each node does not pledge much, but can control a large number of nodes, isn't it still monopolistic?

I actually thought about this question too. It's like now that big mining farms such as Bitmain and Yuchi control most of Bitcoin's computing power. Will the concentration of mining pools destroy Bitcoin? Obviously not, because these mining pools It is the biggest beneficiary of Bitcoin. If they launch a 51% attack, the cost of Bitcoin's plummet and the sharing of computing power by others is obviously far greater than the benefit of tampering with the ledger.

Satoshi Nakamoto realized that the only way to stop "greedy attackers" was to make them realize that following the rules is more profitable than attacking the system. This is the key to ensuring Bitcoin's security, and it is also the most widely misunderstood aspect of Bitcoin's design. It also applies to Polkadot's nodes.

Back to the topic, some community friends asked, if Polkadot’s relay chain is a plug-in strip, and the parachain is an electrical appliance, the electrical plug needs the same socket to plug into the plug-in strip. How can a blockchain ensure that it can be inserted smoothly in parallel? What about the chain slot? This is the knowledge to be talked about today-Substrate one-click chain.

1. One-click issuance of Ethereum

Let's talk about Ethereum, which we are all familiar with first. Ethereum's epoch-making function is smart contracts. The emergence of smart contracts signifies that people can freely control the flow of assets and can map real-life assets through currency issuance. In order to make it easier to issue coins, Lin Jiawen invented the Solidity language, using this language to write programs, you can easily issue a coin.

Later, someone even made an application for issuing coins, just set some parameters, such as the total amount of coins, whether it is inflation, etc., so that people who can't program can also issue coins. This is Ethereum's "one-click coin issuance".

One-click issuance of coins caused the popularity of ICOs. Everyone knows that after experiencing that crazy hype, the only remaining DEFI project on Ethereum still has some business models, but most of them have become a bunch of air coins and have no value.

2. Substrate

"Ethereum limits people's imagination."

After leaving Ethereum, Lin Jiawen is thinking about the drawbacks of one-click currency issuance.

Indeed, if you simply issue a coin, without any commercial landing, you can only become a tool for the dealer to harvest leeks, which runs counter to his ideal that the blockchain will change the world.

One of the reasons why there is no real explosive blockchain application at present is because there are too many limitations of Ethereum smart contracts.

Just like Ethereum is an already built building, issuing coins with one click is like opening a shop in the building. You want to run a restaurant in this building, but you find that no fire is allowed in the building. You want to raise pigs in this building, but find that there is no suitable place (embarrassing).

Because of this, there are many independent public chains outside of Ethereum. They are free from the shackles of Ethereum and can customize functions as desired. It's like a restaurant who has built a catering building. If you want to raise pigs, you can build a pig farm without being restricted by the Ethereum Tower. Those who open restaurants and raise pigs started their businesses independently of Ethereum. The ideas are beautiful, but the reality is cruel! Because creating a public chain from zero is as difficult as building a building. Although Ethereum has many restrictions, it has been built after all. Wouldn't it be more difficult to give up Ethereum and build a new building?

"Then invent another language that can be used to send a link with one click."

God said there should be light, so there was light. Lin Jiawen asked for another beer and drunk typing a few lines of code on the computer. With the sound of "Duang", Substrate was born. Substrate is like a construction company, and the use of this construction company is actually free. If you want to do catering, Substrate can build catering-related building blocks. If you want to raise pigs, Substrate can provide buildings for raising pigs. Even if you want to do catering and raise pigs (smiling food), that’s easy to do. , Substrate helps you assemble these buildings into a building.

More importantly, the building (blockchain) based on Substrate can naturally join the Polkadot building group (naturally compatible with parachain slots). The reason is simple. It is all done by a construction company.

As we said in the article on shared security, projects that join parachains do not need a consensus mechanism. Therefore, projects based on Substrate do not need to rework consensus algorithms, network security, governance, etc., but can focus on thinking about their own business logic.

3. the relationship between the blockchain built by Substrate and Polkadot

The blockchain based on Substrate and Polkadot are at an intersection.

In the yellow zone, the blockchain built by Substrate has nothing to do with Polkadot. In other words, the blockchain developed based on Substrate does not need to join the Polkadot Parachain and it will not become Polkadot's ecology.

In the green zone, the blockchain built by Substrate overlaps with Polkadot. In other words, the blockchain developed based on Substrate joins the Polkadot Parachain and becomes a member of the Polkadot ecology.

In the blue zone, the blockchain built by Polkadot and Substrate is also not related. In other words, the parachains connected by Polkadot are not all based on Substrate. Bitcoin and Ethereum, these already built blockchains, need to be added through a transfer bridge. (We are very clear in the cross-chain composability) In addition, it is worth mentioning that Polkadot is also based on Substrate.

It is precisely based on this relationship that some project parties say that it is the Polkadot ecology when they come up. It is important to keep their eyes open, because the project party may be a yellow zone. Besides, the project party may not necessarily win the parachain Slot bidding.

Polkadot's Substrate is most likely to create a large number of really useful blockchains, because it is easier to attract outstanding developers and builders to build a healthy ecology.