Health Talk - Meningitis

Meningitis is a serious condition in which the protective membranes that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, called the meninges, become inflamed. These membranes normally act as a barrier and support system for the central nervous system.
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When they swell, pressure builds around the brain and spinal cord, interfering with normal nerve function and blood flow. Meningitis can develop quickly and may become life threatening within hours if not treated.

The most common cause of meningitis is infection. Viruses cause most cases and are usually milder, though still dangerous. Bacterial meningitis is less common but far more severe and can rapidly lead to complications or death. Common bacteria include meningococcus, pneumococcus, and tuberculosis bacteria. Fungal and parasitic causes are rarer and usually affect people with weakened immune systems. In some situations, meningitis can also occur due to autoimmune conditions, certain medications, or cancers.
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Symptoms often start suddenly with high fever, severe headache, neck stiffness, nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light. As the condition worsens, confusion, drowsiness, seizures, or loss of consciousness may occur.

Diagnosis involves examining cerebrospinal fluid through lumbar puncture along with blood tests and brain imaging.
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Treatment depends on the cause and may include antibiotics, antivirals, steroids, and intensive supportive care. Early treatment greatly reduces the risk of brain damage, hearing loss, or death.