THE DAIRY GAME: COMMON ANIMAL DISEASES FOUND IN THE ABATTIOR: ALL4ONE CLUB5050

INTRODUCTION

Hello and welcome to my blog. My name is Otis patience and today I will be writing on two disease that are most commonly found in an cattle abattior.

After every industrial training you will have to defend your technical report. My topic was to talk about animal diseases. As group leader I was in charge of the presentation which I did. Let's go into it.

ANIMAL DISEASE; TUBERCULOSIS

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection. It is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium. As a genus, mycobacteria are Gram-positive, acid fast bacilli. They are highly resistant to most environmental factors, many disinfectants and a large and increasing number of antibiotics.

CAUSES OF TUBERCULOSIS

CATTLE: it is caused by the bacterium
Mycobacterium bovis (M.bovis). It is mainly a respiratory disease. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain in more severe conditions.

GOAT: Tuberculosis in goat is usually caused by Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae

FISH: Tuberculosis in fish is usually caused by Mycobacterium marinum.

BIRDS/POULTRY: Tuberculosis is usually caused by Mycobacterium avium.

PIGS: The three Mycobacterium species that cause tuberculosis in swine are Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

SYMPTOMS OF TUBERCULOSIS (TB)

Weight loss, fever

Night sweats

Persistent cough

Emancipation

Discharges through the nose

Difficulty in breathing

Loss of appetite

Chest pain

Fatigue

Coughing blood and sputum

STAGES OF TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION

Exposure

Latent

Active disease

ANIMAL DISEASE; CONTAGIOUS BOVINE

PLEUROPNEUMONIA (CBPP)
The causative agent of CBPP is Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. Mycoides (M.mycoides). It attacks the lungs and the membranes that line the thoracic cavity (the pleura) causing fever and respiratory signs.

TRANSMISSION AND SPREAD: transmission of the disease occurs through direct contact between an infected and a susceptible animal which becomes infected inhaling droplets disseminated by coughing. There is no evidence of transmission through fomites (inanimate objects such as clothing, implements or vehicles) as the organism does not persist in the environment.

PUBLIC HEALTH RISK: Humans are not known to be susceptible to CBPP, so there is no public health risk.

SIGNS:
Loss of appetite

Fever

Respiratory signs such as rapid respiratory rate, cough and nasal discharges and difficulty in breathing

Animals become recumbent (lie down)
In severe cases, animals die after 1-3 weeks.

Presence of fibrin makes the lung rigid during chronic stage of infection

STAGES OF CBPP INFECTION

Congestion – reduction of gases in the lungs

Red Hepatization – red blood cells enters the lung

Grey Hepatization – this is the worst stage of infection. The red blood cells begin to change to grey

Repair/Resolution – the lung begin repair itself
Treatment: CBPP can be treated with antibiotics such as azithromycine (zithomax), tetracycline (doxycycline) or danofloxacin which help prevents the spread of the causative mycoplasma to in-contact cattle after recovery from treatment, animal should be isolated from other animals. At chronic stage, infected animals won’t respond to treatment.

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