Chipko Movement: A 50 years old struggle between the government and the people!
Greetings friends!
Every form of government has one thing in common: the use of power by the ruling elite to govern the masses. Democracy, often touted as government by the people, is no exception; it operates as a disguised form of aristocracy, where the powerful exercise authority under the guise of popular representation.
The distinction between the common people and the elite was starkly became evident in India during the 1970s, particularly in the Himalayan region of the then Uttar Pradesh and now Uttarakhand state. The exclusion of local dwellers over forest resources got its authority from the colonial legacies. The Indian Forest Acts of 1878 and 1927 granted absolute control over natural resources to the government, while stripping forest-dependent communities of their rights.
(This is the original picture of Gaura Devi and her allies. It became an iconic image of environment protection movements)
In 1973, the state government further exacerbated the situation by permitting private companies to exploit the region's forests, perpetuating environmental degradation and exacerbating the plight of the local inhabitants. In response, the community, led predominantly by women such as Gaura Devi, embraced the Gandhian principle of nonviolent resistance. They bravely stood in solidarity, embracing the trees marked for felling when the people of the company came.
Despite intimidation and coercion by state authorities and company personnel, the resolve of these courageous individuals remained unwavering. Their steadfast determination, amplified by the involvement of leaders like Sundarlal Bahuguna, galvanized a nationwide movement. Ultimately, the government was compelled to reconsider its policies, halting the indiscriminate logging and granting local communities a degree of control over forest resources.
This grassroots movement resonated across the country, ignited an upsurge of public outrage against the exploitation of natural resources. It served as a poignant reminder of the power of collective action in holding authorities accountable and effecting meaningful change in governance policies.
The term "Chipko" means to hug. It symbolizing the profound connection between people and their environment. However, this movement was neither the inaugural nor the concluding chapter in the struggle for environmental justice. As history has shown, such grassroots movements are bound to resurface time and again, as the government endeavors to suppress them in favor of entrenched elites.
Despite the movement's 50-year milestone, the anticipated transformative change remains elusive. This stagnation can be attributed to the systemic barriers that govern society. Regardless of the political ideology or governance model in place, the fundamental power dynamics persist. Whether under the guise of democracy or autocracy, the ruling class retains its dominance, shaping policies and laws to perpetuate the interests of the privileged ones.
This deep-rooted dynamic perpetuates a state of perpetual subjugation for the masses, inhibiting their aspirations for freedom and fulfillment. Despite efforts to establish liberal or welfare-oriented administrations, the structural constraints endure, reinforcing the hierarchical relationship between rulers and subjects.
Thus, the state emerges as the primary impediment to the pursuit of genuine freedom and self-determination. As long as the machinery of governance operates to safeguard the interests of the ruling elite, the aspirations of the people for autonomy and empowerment will continue to be thwarted. Nothing will change if we cannot identify the root of the problem.
Thank you!