Israel has held the Golan for longer than Syria ever held it (43 years vs 51 years).
Syria was only created in 1924 and the Golan was NOT part of the Ottoman province from which Syria was created. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon
In 1948, 1967, 1973 Syria attacked Israel and lost each of these wars. Losing parties who start wars often lose land. That is perfectly normal under international law and practice. Germany, Italy & Japan lost huge amounts of territory after WWI & WWII.

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