Music Theory - Lesson #6

LESSON #6 – Minor Scales

Last week I wrote about major scales that have flats. In case you missed it here is the link: https://steemit.com/music/@hurtinalbertin/music-theory-lesson-5

This week I will introduce you to minor scales that have sharps.

These are simple concepts that you may already understand, but if you find that it is a lot to take in all at once, look it over carefully and don’t move on until you completely understand each concept fully. The objective here is to build a solid foundation of knowledge and build on it. If you forgot something that was covered go back and look it over again.

A scale is a series of notes whose names are in alphabetical order. In the case of the minor scale just like major scales, there are eight notes in the scale. Again, just like major scales, the notes in the scale are numbered from the bottom up and roman numerals are used instead of regular numbers. You may also refer to these numbers as degrees.

All minor scales have a specific pattern of whole tones and semitones which occur in this order:

Minor scales can start on any note but must follow this pattern. Scales can also be called keys because once the key or scale of a piece of music is determined, you can derive the chords and melody of that piece of music from the scale. Just like major scales, there are three notes that are very important in the minor scale. They are more important than any of the others, in order if importance they are:

I - The Key Note, Root or Tonic. This note is the scale name.
V- The Dominate Note.
IV - The Subdominate Note.

SCALE OF A MINOR:

The scale of A Minor is an all natural scale. There are no accidentals in the scale and all other minor scales will have one or more sharps or flats to fit the pattern above. To write the scale of A Minor start at A and write a note on each line and in each space until you come back to A. Check the scale you have written against the pattern of whole tones and semitones and you will see that no accidentals are needed to write this scale.

SCALE OF E MINOR:

To write the scale of E Minor start at E and write a note on each line and in each space until you come back to E.

Check the scale you have written against the pattern of whole tones and semitones and you will see that there needs to be a whole tone between the first and second notes and a semitone between the second and third notes so the F needs to be raised to F# to fit the pattern correctly.

Instead of writing a sharp in front of every F in a piece of music in E Minor, the sharp is usually written at the beginning of the staff right after the clef sign showing that ALL F’s in the piece of music no matter where they are on the staff must be sharp. This is called a Key Signature.

This is the Key Signature of E Minor. Notice the position of the F# in each clef.

SCALE OF B MINOR:

To write the scale of B Minor start at B and write a note on each line and in each space until you come back to B.

Check the scale you have written against the pattern of whole tones and semitones and
you will see that there needs to be a whole tone between the first and second notes and a
semitone between the second and third notes so the C needs to be raised to C#.

There also needs to be a whole tone between the fourth and fifth notes and a semitone
between the fifth and sixth notes so the F needs to be raised to F# to fit the
pattern correctly.

The Key Signature of B Minor has two sharps C# and F# as shown below.

SCALE OF F# MINOR:

To write the scale of F# Minor start at F and write a note on each line and in each space until you come back to F.

Check the scale you have written against the pattern of whole tones and semitones and
you will see that there needs to be three sharps in order for it to fit into the pattern. The
scale of F# Minor will have F#, G# and C#.

The Key Signature of F# Minor has three sharps F#, G# and C# as shown below.

SCALE OF C# MINOR:

To write the scale of C# Minor start at C and write a note on each line and in each space
until you come back to C.

Check the scale you have written against the pattern of whole tones and semitones and
you will see that there needs to be four sharps in order for it to fit into the pattern. The
scale of C# Minor will have C#, D#, F# and G#.

The Key Signature of C# Minor has four sharps C#, D#, F# and G# as shown below.

SCALE OF G# MINOR:

To write the scale of G# Minor start at G and write a note on each line and in each space
until you come back to G.

Check the scale you have written against the pattern of whole tones and semitones and
you will see that there needs to be five sharps in order for it to fit into the pattern. The
scale of G# Minor will have G#, A#, C# D# and F#.

The Key Signature of G# Minor has five sharps G#, A#, C# D# and F# as shown below.

SCALE OF D# MINOR:

To write the scale of D# Minor start at D and write a note on each line and in each space
until you come back to D.

Check the scale you have written against the pattern of whole tones and semitones and
you will see that there needs to be six sharps in order for it to fit into the pattern. The
scale of D# Minor will have D#, E#, F# G#, A# and C#.

The Key Signature of D# Minor has six sharps D#, E#, F# G#, A# and C# as shown
below.

SCALE OF A# MINOR:

To write the scale of A# Minor start at A and write a note on each line and in each space
until you come back to A.

Check the scale you have written against the pattern of whole tones and semitones and
you will see that there needs to be seven sharps in order for it to fit into the pattern. The
scale of A# Minor will have A#, B#, C# D#, E#, FA# and G#.

The Key Signature of A# Minor has seven sharps A#, B#, C# D#, E#, FA# and G# as
shown below.

RELATED SCALES

Something you should notice about the scales above is that the A Minor key signature is the same as the C Major key Signature, the E Minor key signature is the same as the G Major key signature, the B Minor key signature is the same as the D Major key signature, etc. This shows that all of the minor scales with sharps are related to the major scale that they share the same key signature with.

The pictues below show the relationship of each minor scale to its related major scale. If you count to the sixth note of the major scale you will find the name of its’ related minor scale. Also, if you count to the third note of the minor scale you will find the name of its’ related major scale. This works for ALL related major and minor scales with sharps.

C Major and A Minor

G Major and E Minor

D Major and B Minor

A Major and F# Minor

E Major and C# Minor

B Major and G# Minor

F# Major and D# Minor

C# Major and A# Minor

Another pattern you should notice is the patern on the guitar neck for the minor scale.

This pattern can be played anywhere on the neck of the guitar and the root or name of
the minor scale is the dot with the square around it. So if you were to move this pattern
to where the dot with the square is on the fifth fret, you would be playing the scale A
Minor. If you were to move this pattern to where the dot with the square is on the
seventh fret, you would be playing the scale B Minor.

This pattern can also be extended to two octaves as below. It is a good idea to memorize
this pattern.

I will stop here and we will continue next week with lesson #7 – Minor Scales With Flats. Please comment or write questions below I will respond.