The recent investigation by an international team, led by Spanish researchers from the Institute of Space Sciences who have collaborated, with data from the Very Large Telescope and the Joan Oró telescope, with them they have managed to observe 3I/Atlas, in fact they had been following it since July, in November they have also obtained more information about it, more data and have observed the changes in the brightness of this interstellar object that right now has cometary activity and also analyzing, above all, the jets and gas spirals.
This data on the gas spirals is what these researchers interpret as eruptions or cryovolcanoes on the surface of 3I/Atlas. What is a small volcano? It is a volcano, but it expels frozen materials, for example, on Pluto there are cryovolcanoes that expel water ice because beneath Pluto, curiously, it seems that there is a layer of water, there is no talk of a global ocean that surrounds all of Pluto, but it seems that there are layers of liquid water, it must be that it still retains a little heat due to the interaction with its large moon Charon and that allows a little heat to exist to melt the water under the surface of Pluto and when leaving jet through those cryovolcanoes, and it comes out in the form of ice.
The curious thing is not that there are cryovolcanoes in 3I/Atlas, that a comet has cryovolcanoes is not unusual, especially if it has a certain size, but 3I/Atlas was not going to be normal, it is not normal, this comet has some similarities with comets in terms of its similar cryovolcanic activity, but some compositions of what it is expelling from these cryovolcanoes are not similar to what we have found in the solar system, in fact, it is suspected that under the crust different materials than what would be normal in comets in the solar system.
With the heat of the sun the following can happen, that the surface layer, although it is frozen, because both the comets of the solar system and 3I/Atlas have a large amount of frozen materials in their composition, but materials in plural and some of them sublimate, they are transformed into vapor with the solar heat at different temperatures, with which it can happen that the crust has a frozen material that needs to be heated much more than what is inside and yet the heat of the sun manages to penetrate a little inside and make vaporize what's inside by creating these cryovolcanoes.
This also shows us that 3I/Atlas is made up of layers of different materials and here we come to the other point, the point about panspermia, the point about RNA, which we also have to explain, the James Webb and terrestrial telescopes are focusing again, and have discovered irradiated organic complexes, this was already discovered when the James Webb focused it for the first time a few months ago and is now focusing it again, they discovered irradiated organic complexes that gave a reddish color at that time to the coma of 3I/Atlas, to that bubble of gas and dust.
You know that the issue of color change was also discussed, initially it was reddish due to those organic compounds, then it changed to a green color, which is also related to organic compounds, although of a different type, and lately it was glowing with a bluish tone.
And what is being found in 3I/Atlas are essential elements for life to form, the latest data from November 2025 from the Alma observatory, given that 3I/Atlas was releasing methanol or methyl alcohol in the form of gas at a rate of 40 kg per second, that is 8% of the gas that 3I/Atlas is releasing, it is a lot, in fact, it is higher than any comet in the solar system, because the normal thing is that of the ones that They release more of this alcohol, it is at most 2%, in 3I/Atlas it is 8%, it is a beast.
And they had also found hydrogen cyanide, for now, these are the first analyses, right now we are in the phase of capturing as much information as possible about Tres and Atlas. And these are the first analyzes and it will take weeks, months, maybe years for research to be published and more things to be discovered, but for now we have these two, these two organic molecules, methanol and hydrogen cyanide.
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