AFRICA (FROM TENSION TO SOLUTION )

Young African men and women risk everything including their lives, to take on the perilous trip across dozens of borders and the treacherous waves of the Mediterranean sea in search of a better life in the north. Some die along the way, some are turned back and some who finish the journey realize the life may not be easier across the frontier. But with few jobs and dim prospect at home, million of youth and young adults in Africa still choose to migrate.

      Such movement of people pose difficult question for many government and for the international community. One of the most pressing concerns off government and citizens in industrialized countries is irregular migration, illegal entry, bogus marriage, overstaying temporary admissions, abuse of asylum system and difficulty of removing unsuccessful applicants.  

     Migration is currently at the center of disagreements between the mainly poor sending countries and the richer receiving nation. Today the world is more connected than ever. Information,commodities and money flow rapidly across national boundaries is often called globalization.But while industrialized  countries are promoting easier flow of capital, good and services ,they are at same time restricting the movement of labour, which comes mainly from developing countries.
     
             PROBLEM OF MIGRATION 
  Migration brings many complex challenges which includes, Human Rights, Economics opportunity, Labour shortage, and Unemployment,brain drain, multiculturalismand integration and the flow of refugees and asylum seekers.policy maker also must grapple with issues of law enforcement, especially in risk of terrorist attack.

  Owning  to labour shortage in certain sector, an expanding global economy and the long-term trend of ageing population. Many industrial countries need migrant,they faces shortage in highly skilled areas such as information,technologyand health service as well as in manual jobs in agriculture, manufacturing and construction. But there are limit to the number of migrants they can take, for number of reasons, including rising national unemployment. Some countries of the European Union, for example having a  growing  number of underutilized worker, who are either unemployed or forced to work part-time in Africa. 

  In contrast ,developing countries are demanding more open polices. They view migration as offering an opportunity to reduces the ranks of the unemployed, earn revenue through the remittance of workers earnings ,and impart skills, knowledge and technology. Yet they are also concerned about  losing skilled workers to richer countries, awares of the detrimental effect of such migration, some have introduced measures to reduces the departure of people whose skills are needed, such as doctor and nurses.

  Most people who seek to migrate are pushed by circumstances in their home countries. War, poverty and persecution prompt people to become refuges, asylum seekers and labour migrants.In most emigarnt producing countries, job are scarce or salaries are too low, obliging  people to seek opportunities elsewhere.Therefore ,in time of peace, government can stem the flow of citizens seeking to leave by creating jobs. We cannot ignore the real policy difficulties posed by migration, but neither should we lose sight of its immense countries they leave and those to which they migrate. 

Despite attempt to limit the number of people moving across borders, especially between rich and poor countries, expert forecast that international migration is going to rise. While population in developing countries are growing rapidly, those in high income nation are not. To keep their economics running, developed countries need manpower. Migration is good for the economic growth. The World Bank estimates that if labour force is highly increase the income of those countries will grow rapidly.
Migration can be positive for those who move, for the societies they move to and for the societies they leave behind.
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