Introduction To Kidney

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The kidney is the dark-red and its shape is like a bean. It is 10cm long, 5cm, wide and 4cm thick its weight is about 120grams. It is located just below the diaphragm. The left is placed higher than lower kidney. In the kidney, there are many functions which throughout Nephron. Basically, as we know neuron is the basic unit of the nervous system, similarly Nephron is also a basic unit if kidney. There are billions of nephron located in the kidney.

Picture of Nephron

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Introduction to Nephron

It is microscopic picture os nephron. there function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances. (Re-Absorption of Water and salts) The first part of the nephron is Bowman Capsule and inside it, there is a Glomerulus and then proximal convoluted tubule after this the descending loop of Henle which allow reabsorption of water and then the ascending loop of Henle which allow reabsorption of salt. The distal convoluted tubule again allows reabsorption of water into blood due to this our urine form by the help of main unit (Nephron)

Disease of Kidney

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Now, this is my main topic I will explain you all the disorder or kidney and how they did? Their prevention? Symptoms and Causes. there are many disorder of kidney I will discuss them.

• Kidney Stones
• Kidney Failure

Kidney Stones

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when our urine became concentrated crystal of many salts such as Calcium oxalate and NH4PO4. are formed in it due to which there is difficulty to pass urine and these salt became hard deposit and form a Kidney Stones. Many stones pass through urine and some of them remain in the kidney.

Causes of Kidney Stones

The major causes of kidney stones include age, diet because the people who eat a lot of green vegetables have a chance to get kidney stones because there is much dirt in this vegetable which is impossible to remove while washing it again but some of them remains in vegetables (Spanish), recurring urinary tract, less intake of water. If peoples drink a lot of water the stone will able to remain in kidney and alternative if peoples will not drink plenty of water it will remain in the kidney.

Symptoms Of Kidney Stones

The main and major symptoms include the severe pain in kidney and in the lower abdomen, frequent urination and foul smelling with urine and alcohol is also the main cause of kidney stones Many people drink alcohol some of them drink in limit but some peoples drink excess of drink so they have a greater risk of Kidney Stones.

Treatment Of Kidney stones

As we know, About 90% of Kidney Stones can pass through the Urinary system by drinking of plenty of and it is also removed out through the scientific method, In surgical treatment, the doctors opened the affected area and remove the stones. there is also another method of removing stones, Lithotripsy in this method non-electrical shock are given to the patient affected area and the shock hit the stones and break it then it will easily pass through urine.

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Kidney Failure

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the kidney failure means our kidney is partial or completely unable to perform all function and our urine is not cleaned due to kidney failure.

Causes of Kidney Failure

The major cause of kidney failure includes Diabetes, Mellitus, and Hypertension. In many cases, It occurs due to the sudden interruption in the supply of blood to the kidney.

Symptoms Of Kidney Failure

the major sign and symptoms are Loss of appetite, Fatigue, and weakness, Sleep problems, Changes in how much you urinate, Vomiting and high level of urea and other wastes in the blood. swelling of legs, Feet, and face and shortness of breath.

Treatment of Kidney failure

There are many methods to treat this problem but I will discuss two which I studied in my level.

• Dialysis
• Kidney Transplant

Dialysis

What is dialysis? Its mean cleaning of blood by the artificial method and here is two method

• Peritoneal Dialysis
• Haemodialysis

Peritoneal Dialysis

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In this method, the dialysis fluid is pumped into the Peritoneal cavity. This cavity is connected with peritoneum and it contains blood vessels wastes from the blood vessel diffuse into dialysis fluid and after this, the waste is drained out and blood has cleaned this method can be performed at home and it is necessary to do every day.

Haemodialysis

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In this the patient blood does not pumped through the dialysis fluid it is pumped by an apparatus which is called Dialyzer. This dialyzer contains long tubes it walls act as a semipermeable membrane. Blood flow in these tubes and the dialysis fluid flow around these tubes. Extra water and wastes move into Dialysis fluid the clean blood from dialyzer return back to our body. This can be done at dialysis centers and ones in a week.

Kidney Transplant

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As we know dialysis need to repeat so the nice treatment is kidney transplant but this is very expensive while dialysis is not expensive in this the patient take a kidney from the donor. some point must be kept in mind and this transplanted kidney work about 10 to 15 years