All about Chemistry (Amines).

INTRODUCTION:

Amines are derived from Amonnia, in which 1,2 or all 3 hydrogen atoms are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups.
If 1 Hydrogen atom is replaced by 1 alkyl or aryl group then it is called 1°—amine (primary amine). If 2 Hydrogen atoms are replaced by 2 alkyl or aryl groups then it is called 2°—amine (secondary amine) and if all the 3 Hydrogen atoms are replaced by 3 alkyl or aryl groups then it is caleed 3°—amine (tertiary amine).

EXAMPLE;

• 1°—amine.
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• 2°—amine
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• 3°—amine
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Classification of Amines:

• 1: Aliphatic Amine: If hydrogen atoms of Amonnia are replaced by one, two or three alkyl groups, it forms Aliphatic Amines.

Examples:

• Methyl amine (CH₄—NH)

• DiMethylamine (C₂H₆—NH)

• Trimethyl Amine (C₃H₉N)

• 2: Aeromatic Amines: The type of amine which contains aeromatic ring with it. It is further of two types:

• Arylamine: Those amines in which hydrogen atoms are replaced by 1,2,3 phenyl rings.

• Aralkylamines: (Aeromatic+Alkyl+Amine)
  These are those amines in which functional grouo is attached to alkyl part which inturn is attatched to aeromatic part.

Quatenary Ammonium Compounds:-

Those compounds in which all the 4 hydrogen atoms are replaced by alkyl groups.

Example:

• Tetramethyl ammonium ion {[(CH₃)₄N]⁺ I⁻}.
• Tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide {[(CH₃CH₂)₄N]⁺OH⁻}.

Nomenclature of Primary Amines(1° amine):

In common system of Nomenclature amines are named either Alkylamines or Aminoalkanes, but in IUPAC system of nomenclature amines are named by adding suffic to the wordroot as alkanamines.

Example:

• CH₃NH₂ (Methylamine or Methanamine).
• CH₃CH₂CH₂NH₂ (N-Propylamine or Aminopropane or Propanamine).

Methods of prepration of Amines:

• 1: From alkyl-halides with NH₃ or Amine (Hoffman Ammonolysis method):-
  Amines are poduced by reaction of Alkylhalides with amonia or amine in a sealed tube at 373K temperature and in presence of ethanolic or alcholic solution of amonia, this reaction is called HOFFMAN AMMONOLYSIS Method and gives mixture of amines (1°,2°,3°) along with Quatenary Ammoniam salt. This reaction is a typical example of SN¹ Nucleophellic Substitution Reaction. The order of reactivity among different alkyl halides is :
  R-I>R-Br>R-Cl>R-F.
  This reaction is not used for preparation of arylamines, because arylhalides are least reactive towards Nucleophellic Substitution Reaction due to partial double bond character.
• Yield of 1°-amines is increased by taking Amonia in large excess.
• Aralkylhalides are reactive towards Hoffman Ammonolysis Reaction.
• Quatnary Ammoniam Compounds are not formed because we have taken only 2 moles of alkyl halides.

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Refferance:

• Amines Wikipeida
• Classification Wikipedia
• Amine Wikibooks
• Amine-Research
• Amine Britannica
• Amines Introduction
• Amines Nomenclature
• Amines Preparation.

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