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With the spread of blockchain technology, data management and scaling technologies such as 'Shrinking/State Pruning' and 'Sharding' are playing a very important role in modern blockchain architecture to overcome the data overload and scalability problems on the network. In a typical blockchain, each node has to store all the transaction history from the beginning to the end of the entire network. Over time, the size of the blockchain becomes so large that it becomes impossible to run the entire node on ordinary hardware. Shrinking and sharding technologies have brought a revolutionary change to prevent this data explosion and increase the speed of transactions many times over. Shrinking or state pruning technology is basically a method of making the data size of the blockchain smaller and lighter. It works based on traditional database compression and data filtering techniques. When a blockchain network runs for years, millions of old and unnecessary transaction histories accumulate there, which are not always needed to maintain the current ledger state. Through shrinking technology, nodes trim unnecessary details of past transactions and store only the final balance information or 'State Trie'. As a result, it is possible to reduce the size of a huge blockchain ledger from hundreds of gigabytes to just a few gigabytes without compromising the security of the blockchain or 100% authenticity of the data. This allows light nodes to be easily run with ordinary devices, which maintains decentralization. On the other hand, sharding is a horizontal partitioning technology to increase the performance and scalability of the blockchain. The main function of the sharding system is to divide a single blockchain network and its database into multiple small independent parts or chains, each part of which is called a 'shard'. In a normal blockchain, each node in the network has to verify each transaction, which slows down the network. But in sharding technology, each shard works independently to process its own transactions and smart contracts. The total number of nodes in the network is divided into different shards, so that they can process transactions of different shards in parallel (Parallel Processing) at the same time. The combination of these two technologies provides a complex solution to the blockchain trilemma. While sharding ensures parallel processing of transactions and allows thousands of transactions per second (TPS), shrinking technology ensures that large-scale sharding data does not waste additional space. The successful implementation of this technology makes the node storage of the chains economical and the speed and capacity of projects such as large global blockchains such as Ethereum 2.0 and Near Protocol increase manifold. Ultimately, shrinking and sharding technologies are the cornerstones of the future Web 3.0. The main goal of these two joint technologies is to keep the network light by reducing the excess pressure of data and to bring the transaction speed close to space-faring speeds through parallel processing. Today's discussion concludes here. I hope you've found it interesting. Please share your thoughts on today's topic. Prayers for everyone. May everyone be well. Amen.