Core Checks Before You Buy: The Non-Negotiable Systems on a Used Yacht

Introduction: Prioritizing Critical Function over Cosmetic Flair
The excitement of buying a used yacht can sometimes draw attention to sleek lines and comfortable cabins, but the true test of a wise purchase lies beneath the surface. Focusing on the things to check before buying a used yacht means prioritizing the integrity of its core systems—the elements that guarantee safety, mobility, and basic functionality. A beautiful interior means little if the hull is compromised or the engine fails. A systematic approach to these fundamental areas is essential, and a comprehensive pre-purchase routine is outlined in this valuable resource: https://www.yachttrading.com/yacht-encyclopedia/used-yacht-survey-cost-explained-fees-hidden-expenses-how-to-save-929/

The Hull and Underwater Gear: Foundation First
A yacht's hull is its foundation. Serious issues here are often the most expensive to repair.

Moisture and Structural Soundness: For fiberglass boats, learn the basics of "sounding" the hull and deck by tapping with a plastic mallet or coin. A solid, crisp sound is good; a dull thud can indicate delamination or waterlogged core material. While a professional surveyor's moisture meter is definitive, your initial check can flag areas of concern.

Through-Hull Fittings and Seacocks: Locate every through-hull fitting (valves where water enters/exits the boat). Each must have a sturdy, operable seacock (a proper marine valve, not a standard gate valve). Ensure they open and close smoothly. A seized or broken seacock is a critical safety hazard.

Rudder, Props, and Shafts: Visually inspect the propeller(s) for dings, cracks, or bent blades. Check the rudder stock for play or leakage where it enters the hull. Look at the propeller shaft and its coupling for excessive corrosion or wear.

The Engine Room: Listening and Looking
The mechanical heart of the yacht demands a careful, sensory inspection.

Cold Start Observation: If possible, be present for a cold engine start. Note how easily it cranks and starts. Listen for unusual knocks, rattles, or squeals. Observe the exhaust smoke—a brief puff of white is normal on startup, but persistent blue (oil burning) or black (incomplete combustion) smoke is problematic.

Fluid Checks and Leaks: Check engine oil and coolant levels and condition. Inspect the bilge and engine pans for signs of active or old fluid leaks (oil, fuel, coolant). Look at hoses and belts for cracking, softness, or wear.

General Condition and Corrosion: Assess the overall cleanliness and organization of the engine space. Significant corrosion on engine components, especially the manifold and alternator, is a red flag about the maintenance environment.

Conclusion: Building Your Case for the Next Step
Your personal inspection of these core systems is not about becoming an expert mechanic or surveyor. Its purpose is to build a preliminary understanding, identify obvious red flags, and formulate specific questions for the seller and the professional surveyor you will inevitably hire. Finding major issues at this stage can save you the cost of a survey on a fundamentally flawed vessel.