SEC S20W5 || Hematology [Hemolytic Anemias - Module 5]

Hello, everyone; I hope you all are doing well. I am here to share my participation in the Steemit Engagement Challenge season 20, week 5. This season, I try to participate in all haematology lessons except 1st week. I try to elaborate the questions and I hope I will fulfill all the needs.

Canva

Hemolytic Anemias

Hemolytic anaemia is the term which is used when the RBCs destroy immaturely before their lifespan; usually, it is 120 days, and after that, the breakdown but in this condition, they break down faster and early, and bone marrow is unable to compensate for this breakdown. This breakdown can be inside blood vessels, called intravascular Hemolysis, or can be outside, called extravascular Hemolysis.

This breakdown of RBC is seen in so many diseases. These diseases can be acquired, or it can be passed from parents. Children mean genetic.

Hemolytic anaemia, in which the IPR index is more than 2 per cent because reticulocytes produced more to compensate.

Sickle Cell Anemia

Sickle cell anaemia is called Autosomal recessive disease. It means that both of the parents must have the disease and then pass it to the children. This occurs due to a single mutation, meaning point mutation and a single amino acid is changed by another, which is called glutamate change by valine, which leads to abnormal haemoglobin inside RBCs, and these abnormal red blood cells hampered in the spleen, leading to the plenum. This usually occurs in African people.

Canva

Usually, it is diagnosed at birth, but children are asymptomatic because HbF and HbA are made up of different chains.

If this child is exposed to dehydration or goes to high altitude places where the partial pressure of oxygen is less, this child has bone pain, just pain, and that concentrated urine, which is called sickle cell crisis. And this urgently needs to be treated.

Intravascular hemolysis vs. Extravascular hemolysis

Canva

Intravascular Hemolysis	Extravascular Hemolysis
When RBCs break down inside the vessel wall, that is called intravascular destruction of red blood cells/Hemolysis.	If RBCs destroy outside of the vessel wall, particularly in lymph organs spleen/ Liver is called extravascular destruction of red blood cells/Hemolysis
In intravascular Hemolysis, RBC is combined with heptoglobin, a protein that is decreased in the blood. Hemoglobinuria and Hemosiderinuria are seen.	In extravascular Hemolysis, urobilinogen in urine and round RBCs are seen in the spleen.
In intravascular hemolysis, cells break down and are eliminated through the body with urine. Intravascular may be due to certain infections The top list is malaria and even some valvular heart diseases.	Extravascular Hemolysis causes like hereditary disease sickle cell anaemia/ thalassemia. In extravascular hemolysis, the patient presented to us with pale colour and jaundice fatigue. Extravascular Hemolysis patient complaining of darker urine due to urobilinogen as well as due to haemoglobin.

Case of Hemolytic Anemia

I have seen a 28-year-old man who was presented with the complaint of fatigue and tiredness for a long time. He did not provide any sufficient medical and past history. He was not using any drugs. Complete cell count shows Hb of 9.4 and MCV of 68fl.

The doctor just gave him folic acid and oral iron supplementation. He again visited after months with no improvement. The complete cell count repeated was the same. Most likely, he was suffering from beta thalassemia minor. Because he did not improve after iron needed to assess for beta thalassemia.

---

This was all about my participation, I would like to invite my friends @pea07, @m-fdo and @goodybest to share their participation. Thank you.