Today my article about Groundnut Cultivation

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Pulses are an excellent source of protein in human diet. Pulses contain 20 to 25 percent protein. Groundnut is very important in terms of nutrition. By paying attention to the following factors, its yield per acre can be significantly increased.

A warm humid climate is required for the cultivation of groundnut. In our country, mung bean crop is generally grown in Kharif season from July to October, but spring mung bean crop can also be successfully harvested in irrigated areas. Bihari crop is relatively successful in Sindh province.

Major mung cultivation areas in Punjab are Bhakkar, Mianwali and Leh districts. Apart from this, groundnut crop is also cultivated in Sargodha, Khushab and Jhang. Sanghar, Khairpur, Hyderabad in Sindh. It is also cultivated on a large area in the districts of Haripur, Dir, Karam Agency and Bolan and Gwadar in Balochistan.

The approved mung varieties are 6601 '-28, 'NM13-1', 'NM20-21', 'NM121-25', 'NM19-19', 'NM51', 'NM54', 'NM92', 'AEM96', Chakwal mung 97 and NM98.

The last four varieties (NM 92, AEM 96, Chakwal Moong 97 and NM 98) have better productivity than the rest of the approved varieties. These varieties have better resistance to diseases and mature almost at the same time. Apart from these four varieties, the remaining varieties have become obsolete due to non-availability of seed and low productivity. In Pakistan, the major mung bean crop is grown in the Kharif season when irrigated areas. Spring crop of groundnut can also be harvested successfully.

If done, better behavior is obtained. It is not possible to obtain the required number of plants from older seed. Cultivate in rows with kira or pur. The distance between rows should be 30 cm and the distance between plants should be 10 cm. If cultivation is done by six, then the quantity of seed should be given at 2 kg per acre.

Groundnut crop is grown in irrigated and rainfed areas. Three times irrigation is necessary in areas where rainfall is low. The first water is three weeks after planting, the second at flowering and the third at the time of pod formation. If it rains during these times in Kharif, there is no need to give water.

Weeds are very damaging to the crop and the yield is reduced considerably. Herbs can be eliminated in the following ways.

Deep plowing before planting can help control weeds to a great extent, especially in rainfed areas.

Weeds must be destroyed by weeding before flowering.

Groundnut crop requires relatively less nitrogenous fertilizer. Being a leguminous crop, it benefits from nitrogen in the air. However, in the beginning, 8 to 10 kg of nitrogen per acre should be applied at planting time to meet the required nitrogen requirement of the crop. The use of phosphorus fertilizers helps in increasing the yield as well as early ripening of the crop. Therefore, the application of 20 to 25 kg of phosphorus per acre is necessary. According to this calculation, one sack of DAP per acre will be sufficient to meet both nitrogen and phosphorus requirements.

Bio-fertilizer consists of microbes whose presence in the soil not only maintains its natural fertility but also increases it under favorable conditions. In legumes (pulses), these microbes (Rhizobium bacteria) live on their roots by making special types of houses (Nodules) which satisfy their nitrogen requirement by making the nitrogen available in abundance in the air (80 percent) usable for plants. In some cases, the remaining nitrogen is used for the next crop. If these microbes are present in adequate numbers in the field, chemical nitrogen is no longer needed for pulses, but in most fields, for example, in new lands under pulse cultivation and in such lands where pulses have not been cultivated for the last three to four years, the number of these microbes is much less than the desired level. Experiments have shown that the use of bio-fertilizers in various pulse producing areas can increase their yield by 15 to 25 percent. Several agricultural research institutes in the country are selling bio-fertilizers for various pulses and other leguminous crops on commercial basis and publishing other related information.

It is a very deadly disease of mung. which is caused by a fungus called Cercospora (cane sans). Symptoms of this disease appear in the form of small semi-circular and irregular dark brown spots on the leaves. The edges of these spots are pinkish brown. To cure this disease, the infected plants should be destroyed and resistant varieties should be cultivated.

Symptoms of this disease appear on all upper parts of the plant. But most of the attack appears on the leaves and pods with circular dark whitish spots on the pods. The cause of this disease is a fungus called Kaltatorii cum Landiimuthium. Healthy and disease-free seeds should be cultivated to prevent this disease