The red-cowled cardinal.

Paroaria coronata, commonly known as the red-cowled cardinal or red-crested cardinal, is a bird species found in South America. It belongs to the family Thraupidae and is native to Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.

The red-cowled cardinal is easily recognizable by its vibrant red crest on the top of its head, which gives it its common name. It also has a black face, a white throat, and a bright red body. The female's plumage is similar but has less vibrant colors.

This species inhabits open woodlands, shrublands, and grassy areas. It can also be found in parks and gardens in urban areas. It is highly territorial and often forms small groups. Male red-crested cardinals are known for their beautiful songs and can be heard singing loudly throughout the day.

Red-cowled cardinals primarily feed on seeds, fruits, and insects. They forage on the ground, searching for food in shrubs and low vegetation. They are also known to eat small invertebrates, such as spiders and caterpillars.

Breeding season for this species typically occurs between September and March. The male builds a cup-shaped nest made of twigs, grass, and leaves, usually in a dense shrub or tree. The female lays two to four eggs, which she incubates for about 12-14 days. Both parents participate in feeding the hatchlings until they fledge, which usually occurs after two to three weeks.

Although the red-cowled cardinal is not considered globally threatened, its population has declined in some regions due to habitat destruction and trapping for the pet trade. Efforts are being made to conserve this species and protect its natural habitats.

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